Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhotic liver disease is a serious complication that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rate seen in this population. Currently, there is a lack ...Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhotic liver disease is a serious complication that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rate seen in this population. Currently, there is a lack of consensus amongst the research community on the clinical predictors of SBP as well as the risks and benefits of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in these patients. Pharmacological gastric acid suppression (namely with PPIs and H2RAs) are frequently prescribed for these patients, many times without a clear indication, and may contribute to gut bacterial overflow and SBP development. However, this remains controversial as there are conflicting findings in SBP prevalence between PPI/H2RA-users and non-users. In addition, studies show recent antibiotic use, whether for SBP prophylaxis or for another infectious process, appear to be associated with higher rates of SBP and drug-resistant organisms. Other researchers have also explored the link between zinc, platelet indices (MPV), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β (MIP-1β) levels in liver cirrhosis, all of which appear to be promising markers for classifying SBP risk and diagnosis. This literature review was limited by the number and quality of studies available as most are retrospective in nature. Thus, more ongoing, prospective studies and trials are needed to judge the true value of the findings in the studies reviewed in hopes that they can guide appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and management of SBP.展开更多
目的研究单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1);巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-lα(MIP-1α);调节活化正常T细胞表达与分泌的趋化因子(RANTES)在皮肌炎患者皮损和肌肉组织的表达,探讨MCP-1、MIP-1α、RANTES与皮肌炎的相关性。方法所有病例均符合1975年Bohan a...目的研究单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1);巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-lα(MIP-1α);调节活化正常T细胞表达与分泌的趋化因子(RANTES)在皮肌炎患者皮损和肌肉组织的表达,探讨MCP-1、MIP-1α、RANTES与皮肌炎的相关性。方法所有病例均符合1975年Bohan and Peter提出的皮肌炎诊断标准(即B/P标准)。采用免疫组织化学法测定皮肌炎患者及正常对照组的肌肉及皮损组织中MCP-1、MIP-1α、RANTES的表达水平,对结果进行统计分析。结果①皮肌炎肌肉及皮损中MCP-1在炎性细胞表达率分别为65.4%、42.3%,与正常对照组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05);②皮肌炎皮损中MIP-1α、RAN-TES在真皮炎性细胞表达率均为42.3%,与正常对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),而在皮肌炎肌肉组织炎性细胞表达率分别为38.5%、15.4%,与正常对照比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论①在皮肌炎皮损炎性反应中,MCP-1、MIP-1α和RANTES均可能参与反应;②在皮肌炎肌肉损伤炎性反应中,仅MCP-1参与,而MIP-1α和RANTES无明显影响。展开更多
文摘Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhotic liver disease is a serious complication that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rate seen in this population. Currently, there is a lack of consensus amongst the research community on the clinical predictors of SBP as well as the risks and benefits of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in these patients. Pharmacological gastric acid suppression (namely with PPIs and H2RAs) are frequently prescribed for these patients, many times without a clear indication, and may contribute to gut bacterial overflow and SBP development. However, this remains controversial as there are conflicting findings in SBP prevalence between PPI/H2RA-users and non-users. In addition, studies show recent antibiotic use, whether for SBP prophylaxis or for another infectious process, appear to be associated with higher rates of SBP and drug-resistant organisms. Other researchers have also explored the link between zinc, platelet indices (MPV), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β (MIP-1β) levels in liver cirrhosis, all of which appear to be promising markers for classifying SBP risk and diagnosis. This literature review was limited by the number and quality of studies available as most are retrospective in nature. Thus, more ongoing, prospective studies and trials are needed to judge the true value of the findings in the studies reviewed in hopes that they can guide appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and management of SBP.
文摘目的研究单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1);巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-lα(MIP-1α);调节活化正常T细胞表达与分泌的趋化因子(RANTES)在皮肌炎患者皮损和肌肉组织的表达,探讨MCP-1、MIP-1α、RANTES与皮肌炎的相关性。方法所有病例均符合1975年Bohan and Peter提出的皮肌炎诊断标准(即B/P标准)。采用免疫组织化学法测定皮肌炎患者及正常对照组的肌肉及皮损组织中MCP-1、MIP-1α、RANTES的表达水平,对结果进行统计分析。结果①皮肌炎肌肉及皮损中MCP-1在炎性细胞表达率分别为65.4%、42.3%,与正常对照组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05);②皮肌炎皮损中MIP-1α、RAN-TES在真皮炎性细胞表达率均为42.3%,与正常对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),而在皮肌炎肌肉组织炎性细胞表达率分别为38.5%、15.4%,与正常对照比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论①在皮肌炎皮损炎性反应中,MCP-1、MIP-1α和RANTES均可能参与反应;②在皮肌炎肌肉损伤炎性反应中,仅MCP-1参与,而MIP-1α和RANTES无明显影响。
