Treefall gap, canopy opening caused by the death of one or more trees, is the dominant form of disturbance in many forest systems worldwide. Gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to pre- serve bio- and...Treefall gap, canopy opening caused by the death of one or more trees, is the dominant form of disturbance in many forest systems worldwide. Gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to pre- serve bio- and pedo-diversity, influencing nutrient cycles, and maintain- ing the complex structure of the late-successional forests. Over the last 30 years, numerous reviews have been written describing gap dynamics. Here we synthesize current understanding on gap dynamics relating to tree regeneration with particular emphasis on gap characteristics consid- ered critical to develop ecologically sustainable forest management sys- tems and to conserve native biodiversity. Specifically, we addressed the question： how do gaps influence forest structure？ From the literature re- viewed, the size of gaps induces important changes in factors such as light intensity, soil humidity and soil biological properties that influence tree species regeneration and differ in gaps of different sizes. Shade- tolerant species can colonize small gaps; shade-intolerant species need large gaps for successful regeneration. Additionally, gap dynamics differ between temperate, boreal, and tropical forests, showing the importance of climate differences in driving forest regeneration. This review summa- rizes information of use to forest managers who design cutting regimes that mimic natural disturbances and who must consider forest structure, forest climate, and the role of natural disturbance in their designs.展开更多
A detailed experimental research on characteristics of the hydrodynamicpressure spreading in the base gap of the arch inverted plunge pool was carried out. The features ofthe distributon of its ampitudes and spectral ...A detailed experimental research on characteristics of the hydrodynamicpressure spreading in the base gap of the arch inverted plunge pool was carried out. The features ofthe distributon of its ampitudes and spectral density and its characteristics in time domain fortwo conditions, i. e. , (1) a through gap and (2) a blind gap were given. The influence of the dampat the joint opening upon the hydrodynamic pressure inside the gap was also investigated.Accordingly, the stabilization mechanism of the arch invert plunge pool was worked out.展开更多
基金supported through funds provided by Regione Calabria within the project"Robinwood Plus"-Interreg IV C
文摘Treefall gap, canopy opening caused by the death of one or more trees, is the dominant form of disturbance in many forest systems worldwide. Gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to pre- serve bio- and pedo-diversity, influencing nutrient cycles, and maintain- ing the complex structure of the late-successional forests. Over the last 30 years, numerous reviews have been written describing gap dynamics. Here we synthesize current understanding on gap dynamics relating to tree regeneration with particular emphasis on gap characteristics consid- ered critical to develop ecologically sustainable forest management sys- tems and to conserve native biodiversity. Specifically, we addressed the question： how do gaps influence forest structure？ From the literature re- viewed, the size of gaps induces important changes in factors such as light intensity, soil humidity and soil biological properties that influence tree species regeneration and differ in gaps of different sizes. Shade- tolerant species can colonize small gaps; shade-intolerant species need large gaps for successful regeneration. Additionally, gap dynamics differ between temperate, boreal, and tropical forests, showing the importance of climate differences in driving forest regeneration. This review summa- rizes information of use to forest managers who design cutting regimes that mimic natural disturbances and who must consider forest structure, forest climate, and the role of natural disturbance in their designs.
文摘A detailed experimental research on characteristics of the hydrodynamicpressure spreading in the base gap of the arch inverted plunge pool was carried out. The features ofthe distributon of its ampitudes and spectral density and its characteristics in time domain fortwo conditions, i. e. , (1) a through gap and (2) a blind gap were given. The influence of the dampat the joint opening upon the hydrodynamic pressure inside the gap was also investigated.Accordingly, the stabilization mechanism of the arch invert plunge pool was worked out.
