Heavy metals’ availability and accumulation along the food chain pose public health risks. Water, sediment and plant samples were collected from selected sampling sites along Sosiani River, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya....Heavy metals’ availability and accumulation along the food chain pose public health risks. Water, sediment and plant samples were collected from selected sampling sites along Sosiani River, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The sediment and plant samples were dried in the oven at 50°C to constant weight and digested in a mixture of acids according to standard procedures. The water samples, sediments and plants digests were analyzed for selected heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (model AAS Variant 200). The site near the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) had the highest total heavy metals concentration in water: Cu (0.18 ± 0.04 ppm);Pb (0.46 ± 0.09 ppm) and Zn (0.70 ± 0.22 ppm) and sediments: Cu (1.62 ± 0.14 ppm);Pb (1.27 ± 0.17 ppm) and Zn (6.73 ± 0.88 ppm) respectively. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediments showed low percentage solubility (Cu 9.3%;Pb 8.5%;Zn 4.2%). Concentration of zinc in studied plants was highest (3.60 ± 0.63 ppm), with a bioconcentration factor of 15.1 based on soluble zinc fraction. This indicates that conditions in the study area show preferential zinc metal uptake in plants and may lead to accumulation in exposed plants posing Zn exposure risks along the food chain. Suggestions are made for monitoring of heavy metals in food crops and aquatic organisms such as fish in the study area.展开更多
目的探讨医务人员HIV职业暴露风险的防范与对策.方法对医院内的HIV职业暴露案例进行资料收集,根据医院情况提出相应管理措施和办法.结果医院39人次受HIV职业暴露伤害,其中护士21人次,医师8人次,检验人员6人次,护工4人次.Ⅰ级暴露7例,Ⅱ...目的探讨医务人员HIV职业暴露风险的防范与对策.方法对医院内的HIV职业暴露案例进行资料收集,根据医院情况提出相应管理措施和办法.结果医院39人次受HIV职业暴露伤害,其中护士21人次,医师8人次,检验人员6人次,护工4人次.Ⅰ级暴露7例,Ⅱ级暴露13例,Ⅲ级暴露19例.暴露的器具以注射器针头、输液器针头及术中器械为主;暴露方式以针刺、切割伤为主,占71.79%;暴露后紧急处理时间5～10 min 27人次,占69.23%;半小时内8人次,占20.51%.上述人员被暴露后,均进行了规范处理,无1人感染艾滋病毒.结论医院重视管理,处置措施到位,能很好地防止HIV职业暴露对医务人员的伤害.展开更多
The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local resid...The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight （lw） and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs （∑PBDEs） in the chicken tissue was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large difference of ∑PBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the ＂lipid-compartment＂. BDE-209 was the predominant congener （82.5%- 94.7% of ∑PBDEs） in all chicken tissues except in brain （34.7% of ∑PBDEs）, which indicated that deca-BDE （the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%-70% of total production） was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/（day.kg body weight （bw）） with a mean value of 13.5 ng/（day-kg bw）, which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstuffs.展开更多
文摘Heavy metals’ availability and accumulation along the food chain pose public health risks. Water, sediment and plant samples were collected from selected sampling sites along Sosiani River, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The sediment and plant samples were dried in the oven at 50°C to constant weight and digested in a mixture of acids according to standard procedures. The water samples, sediments and plants digests were analyzed for selected heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (model AAS Variant 200). The site near the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) had the highest total heavy metals concentration in water: Cu (0.18 ± 0.04 ppm);Pb (0.46 ± 0.09 ppm) and Zn (0.70 ± 0.22 ppm) and sediments: Cu (1.62 ± 0.14 ppm);Pb (1.27 ± 0.17 ppm) and Zn (6.73 ± 0.88 ppm) respectively. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediments showed low percentage solubility (Cu 9.3%;Pb 8.5%;Zn 4.2%). Concentration of zinc in studied plants was highest (3.60 ± 0.63 ppm), with a bioconcentration factor of 15.1 based on soluble zinc fraction. This indicates that conditions in the study area show preferential zinc metal uptake in plants and may lead to accumulation in exposed plants posing Zn exposure risks along the food chain. Suggestions are made for monitoring of heavy metals in food crops and aquatic organisms such as fish in the study area.
文摘目的探讨医务人员HIV职业暴露风险的防范与对策.方法对医院内的HIV职业暴露案例进行资料收集,根据医院情况提出相应管理措施和办法.结果医院39人次受HIV职业暴露伤害,其中护士21人次,医师8人次,检验人员6人次,护工4人次.Ⅰ级暴露7例,Ⅱ级暴露13例,Ⅲ级暴露19例.暴露的器具以注射器针头、输液器针头及术中器械为主;暴露方式以针刺、切割伤为主,占71.79%;暴露后紧急处理时间5～10 min 27人次,占69.23%;半小时内8人次,占20.51%.上述人员被暴露后,均进行了规范处理,无1人感染艾滋病毒.结论医院重视管理,处置措施到位,能很好地防止HIV职业暴露对医务人员的伤害.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-420-3,KZCX2-YW-Q-02-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20437020,20677074)
文摘The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight （lw） and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs （∑PBDEs） in the chicken tissue was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large difference of ∑PBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the ＂lipid-compartment＂. BDE-209 was the predominant congener （82.5%- 94.7% of ∑PBDEs） in all chicken tissues except in brain （34.7% of ∑PBDEs）, which indicated that deca-BDE （the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%-70% of total production） was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/（day.kg body weight （bw）） with a mean value of 13.5 ng/（day-kg bw）, which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstuffs.
