We aimed to study the response of Conyza sumatrensis to different doses of glufosinate, intrapopulation variation in sensitivity to the herbicide, and the heritability of phenotypic response, and model the evolution o...We aimed to study the response of Conyza sumatrensis to different doses of glufosinate, intrapopulation variation in sensitivity to the herbicide, and the heritability of phenotypic response, and model the evolution of resistance. Three studies were conducted in the greenhouse with two repetitions. First, we tested doses of glufosinate (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 g a.i. ha-1) plus a nontreated check, with four replications. Second, we examined the range in sensitivity of 44 plants to 200 g a.i. ha-1 glufosinate. Third, we evaluated the sensitivity of the progeny of six glufosinate-treated plants to 200 g a.i. ha-1 glufosinate. Plant response was evaluated visually and the ammonium content in leaf tissues was measured. Glufosinate at 400 g a.i. ha-1 caused the highest injury to C.sumatrensis plants. Ammonia accumulation occurred in response to glufosinate treatment, regardless of dose. Ammonia accumulation was correlated strongly with the level of visible plant injury;thus, it is a good indicator of herbicide efficacy. Sensitivity to glufosinate was highly variable within the population. Plants with high ammonia concentration (high injury) after treatment with glufosinate produced progenies that also had high ammonia concentrations after herbicide treatment. The variation in ammonia accumulation among siblings was high. Simulating the exclusion of plants that accumulated more ammonia produced a population that is expected to be less sensitive to glufosinate in the next generation. The stronger the selection pressures by a simulated treatment with glufosinate, the greater the reduction in ammonia accumulation in the progeny and expected sensitivity to glufosinate.展开更多
[目的]研究氨氮和亚硝酸氮对偏顶蛤的急性毒性,为合理调控偏顶蛤水体中氨氮与亚硝酸氮提供参考价值。[方法]采用常规生物毒性试验方法,研究偏顶蛤对氨氮和亚硝酸氮毒性的耐受力。[结果]氨氮对偏顶蛤的半致死浓度96 h LC50为158.85 mg/L...[目的]研究氨氮和亚硝酸氮对偏顶蛤的急性毒性,为合理调控偏顶蛤水体中氨氮与亚硝酸氮提供参考价值。[方法]采用常规生物毒性试验方法,研究偏顶蛤对氨氮和亚硝酸氮毒性的耐受力。[结果]氨氮对偏顶蛤的半致死浓度96 h LC50为158.85 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为15.89 mg/L;非离子氨对偏顶蛤半致死浓度96 h LC50为14.06 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为1.41 mg/L。亚硝酸氮对试验蛤的半致死浓度96 h LC50为54.20 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为5.42 mg/L。[结论]与亚硝酸盐相比,偏顶蛤对总氨氮毒性的耐受力更强,非离子氨对偏顶蛤的毒性最强。展开更多
文摘We aimed to study the response of Conyza sumatrensis to different doses of glufosinate, intrapopulation variation in sensitivity to the herbicide, and the heritability of phenotypic response, and model the evolution of resistance. Three studies were conducted in the greenhouse with two repetitions. First, we tested doses of glufosinate (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 g a.i. ha-1) plus a nontreated check, with four replications. Second, we examined the range in sensitivity of 44 plants to 200 g a.i. ha-1 glufosinate. Third, we evaluated the sensitivity of the progeny of six glufosinate-treated plants to 200 g a.i. ha-1 glufosinate. Plant response was evaluated visually and the ammonium content in leaf tissues was measured. Glufosinate at 400 g a.i. ha-1 caused the highest injury to C.sumatrensis plants. Ammonia accumulation occurred in response to glufosinate treatment, regardless of dose. Ammonia accumulation was correlated strongly with the level of visible plant injury;thus, it is a good indicator of herbicide efficacy. Sensitivity to glufosinate was highly variable within the population. Plants with high ammonia concentration (high injury) after treatment with glufosinate produced progenies that also had high ammonia concentrations after herbicide treatment. The variation in ammonia accumulation among siblings was high. Simulating the exclusion of plants that accumulated more ammonia produced a population that is expected to be less sensitive to glufosinate in the next generation. The stronger the selection pressures by a simulated treatment with glufosinate, the greater the reduction in ammonia accumulation in the progeny and expected sensitivity to glufosinate.
文摘[目的]研究氨氮和亚硝酸氮对偏顶蛤的急性毒性,为合理调控偏顶蛤水体中氨氮与亚硝酸氮提供参考价值。[方法]采用常规生物毒性试验方法,研究偏顶蛤对氨氮和亚硝酸氮毒性的耐受力。[结果]氨氮对偏顶蛤的半致死浓度96 h LC50为158.85 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为15.89 mg/L;非离子氨对偏顶蛤半致死浓度96 h LC50为14.06 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为1.41 mg/L。亚硝酸氮对试验蛤的半致死浓度96 h LC50为54.20 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为5.42 mg/L。[结论]与亚硝酸盐相比,偏顶蛤对总氨氮毒性的耐受力更强,非离子氨对偏顶蛤的毒性最强。
