The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shir...The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.展开更多
The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism an...The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism and Jihadism, the possibilities of using Georgian territories by the foreign and local fighters and steps taken by Georgian State. Also popularization of the idea of creation world Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East and ISIL Caucasus Province, joining the terrorist organizations ISIL and A1-Nusra Front in Iraq and Syria by some of the Georgian Muslims. The author analyzes the factors of the popularization of radical Islamism ideas among the young generation, the problems of Georgian Muslim communities and gives the recommendations for state actors.展开更多
Since the end of the 20th century the Middle East （ME） has witnessed increasing war and violence and proportionally more US intervention in the region. The growth of Islamic fundamentalism, A1-Qaeda and Intermediate...Since the end of the 20th century the Middle East （ME） has witnessed increasing war and violence and proportionally more US intervention in the region. The growth of Islamic fundamentalism, A1-Qaeda and Intermediate System to Intermediate System （ISIS） would not happen without political and economic support, posing the crucial question of who benefits, both locally and globally, from the deconstruction and reconstruction of countries involved in war. US opposition toward the founding of an Islamic state obscures the economic and political benefits it gains from ongoing conflict in the region; the profitable conflict between the US and ISIS reinforces the hegemony of both powers and perpetuates Islamic fundamentalism and Salaflsm in the ME rather than promote non-patriarchal ideology. I argue that ISIS claims the purpose of war is creating an Islamic state in the region and question how this claim can be ontologically coherent with Qur＇an, the main resource of Islam. When ISIS occupies a region, destruction and sexual violence against women are the immediate results, and both are incoherent with a non-patriarchal reading of Qur＇an. In this article, I use a critical feminist perspective to explore how establishing an Islamic state goes against Qur＇an and is, therefore, un-Islamic in the way ISIS enforces its hegemony in ME. As a result, women＇s sexuality in particular has become a site of political economy, they are abused and/or sold in other markets for the use of ISIS soldiers. This specific religio-economic commodification of women is unique in the history of war, and the world is largely silent about it. There are brave Iraqi women, however, who use their potential and assets to support underprivileged women of the region. Their voices need amplification to gain support for their grassroots resistance to fundamentalist hegemony and political and economic disenfranchisement.展开更多
Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamen...Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamentalism.In this article,ETIM/TIP’s narratives and representations are examined as a case study.The group’s power discourses as they relate to religious fundamentalism are analyzed through examining the group’s rhetoric of its own origin,its current situation,and its reactions toward this situation.The power discourse of an unconventional“Orientalism”and the use of behaviorist logic are especially emphasized.Furthermore,the presence of behaviorism in religious fundamentalist narratives suggests the need for China to revise its official national counterterrorist discourse.Instead of continuing the current behaviorist rhetoric in the legal framework,this article suggests a deconstruction-ultimately,a discouragement-of religious behaviorism to prevent the radicalization of Muslims in the country.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction...The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction,and dispersing of Al Qaeda across the Middle East and Africa but it still exists.Since 9/11 and the demise of Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda has quietly worked at rebuilding itself across the globe using a franchising or licensing of affiliates across dozens of nations.So,it is essential that the study and analysis of this organization continue,so that it is finally destroyed and its ideas discredited and dismissed.展开更多
The ideology of Jihadi-Salafism seeks to suspend the dialectic through the positing of an ahistorical state which exists under an unmediated divine sovereignty,through the full exclusion of the“other”.Thus the perio...The ideology of Jihadi-Salafism seeks to suspend the dialectic through the positing of an ahistorical state which exists under an unmediated divine sovereignty,through the full exclusion of the“other”.Thus the period of the salaf is understood as a golden age,which can be revived without regard to historical context.The“Islamic State”is considered as existing directly under the rule(hakimiyya)of God by way of the shari’a code.There is an attempt to sever oneself from apostates by exercising al-walawa’l-bara and the practice of takfir.The reaching of the perfect end state,however,necessarily entails an activist pursuit of violent change whereby all opposition elements are forcibly removed.Despite its ahistorical pretension,the Islamist ideology developed through distinct stages in Islamic history.The present essay depicts the historical formation of the Jihadi-Salafi ideological principles by tracing back the trajectory.Through attention to the deductive logic implied in the principles,the paper reveals an absolute standpoint precluding the possibility for any form of mediation that has come to be formed.With the delineation of the reasoning underlying Jihadi-Salafi concepts,the basis for the rejection of dialectical development is demonstrated,as well as the implications of the absolutist standpoint for the intensification of extremism culminating in the“Islamic State”.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the origin and evolution of the“Islamic State”(IS)with special focus on the root causes that helped construct its Islamic narrative,such as the idea of the Islamic caliphate...The purpose of this paper is to highlight the origin and evolution of the“Islamic State”(IS)with special focus on the root causes that helped construct its Islamic narrative,such as the idea of the Islamic caliphate.It argues that IS has not concealed all other jihadist groups,and it is just a new face of the same idea associated with political Islam:Salafi-Jihadism.This paper also tries to analyze the changing face of global jihadism through a comparative approach of Al-Qaeda and IS.It has been shown that while both groups have common ideological beliefs,they are in many ways different.By studying and analyzing the Islamic discourse of many Jihadist groups in the Middle East,the paper has showed a case of acute obscurantism which is reflected on the statements and behavior of these groups.However,they are open to communicate between their organizations.For the counter extremism initiatives,the threat of IS and its affiliated groups is not decreasing,but it is changing.What is needed in the region in order to fight this monster is a moment of reflection and reckoning by all Muslims.It requires a revolution in the dominant religious discourse.展开更多
文摘The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.
文摘The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism and Jihadism, the possibilities of using Georgian territories by the foreign and local fighters and steps taken by Georgian State. Also popularization of the idea of creation world Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East and ISIL Caucasus Province, joining the terrorist organizations ISIL and A1-Nusra Front in Iraq and Syria by some of the Georgian Muslims. The author analyzes the factors of the popularization of radical Islamism ideas among the young generation, the problems of Georgian Muslim communities and gives the recommendations for state actors.
文摘Since the end of the 20th century the Middle East （ME） has witnessed increasing war and violence and proportionally more US intervention in the region. The growth of Islamic fundamentalism, A1-Qaeda and Intermediate System to Intermediate System （ISIS） would not happen without political and economic support, posing the crucial question of who benefits, both locally and globally, from the deconstruction and reconstruction of countries involved in war. US opposition toward the founding of an Islamic state obscures the economic and political benefits it gains from ongoing conflict in the region; the profitable conflict between the US and ISIS reinforces the hegemony of both powers and perpetuates Islamic fundamentalism and Salaflsm in the ME rather than promote non-patriarchal ideology. I argue that ISIS claims the purpose of war is creating an Islamic state in the region and question how this claim can be ontologically coherent with Qur＇an, the main resource of Islam. When ISIS occupies a region, destruction and sexual violence against women are the immediate results, and both are incoherent with a non-patriarchal reading of Qur＇an. In this article, I use a critical feminist perspective to explore how establishing an Islamic state goes against Qur＇an and is, therefore, un-Islamic in the way ISIS enforces its hegemony in ME. As a result, women＇s sexuality in particular has become a site of political economy, they are abused and/or sold in other markets for the use of ISIS soldiers. This specific religio-economic commodification of women is unique in the history of war, and the world is largely silent about it. There are brave Iraqi women, however, who use their potential and assets to support underprivileged women of the region. Their voices need amplification to gain support for their grassroots resistance to fundamentalist hegemony and political and economic disenfranchisement.
文摘Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamentalism.In this article,ETIM/TIP’s narratives and representations are examined as a case study.The group’s power discourses as they relate to religious fundamentalism are analyzed through examining the group’s rhetoric of its own origin,its current situation,and its reactions toward this situation.The power discourse of an unconventional“Orientalism”and the use of behaviorist logic are especially emphasized.Furthermore,the presence of behaviorism in religious fundamentalist narratives suggests the need for China to revise its official national counterterrorist discourse.Instead of continuing the current behaviorist rhetoric in the legal framework,this article suggests a deconstruction-ultimately,a discouragement-of religious behaviorism to prevent the radicalization of Muslims in the country.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction,and dispersing of Al Qaeda across the Middle East and Africa but it still exists.Since 9/11 and the demise of Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda has quietly worked at rebuilding itself across the globe using a franchising or licensing of affiliates across dozens of nations.So,it is essential that the study and analysis of this organization continue,so that it is finally destroyed and its ideas discredited and dismissed.
基金This paper is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,the Research Funds of Renmin University of China(14XNJ005).
文摘The ideology of Jihadi-Salafism seeks to suspend the dialectic through the positing of an ahistorical state which exists under an unmediated divine sovereignty,through the full exclusion of the“other”.Thus the period of the salaf is understood as a golden age,which can be revived without regard to historical context.The“Islamic State”is considered as existing directly under the rule(hakimiyya)of God by way of the shari’a code.There is an attempt to sever oneself from apostates by exercising al-walawa’l-bara and the practice of takfir.The reaching of the perfect end state,however,necessarily entails an activist pursuit of violent change whereby all opposition elements are forcibly removed.Despite its ahistorical pretension,the Islamist ideology developed through distinct stages in Islamic history.The present essay depicts the historical formation of the Jihadi-Salafi ideological principles by tracing back the trajectory.Through attention to the deductive logic implied in the principles,the paper reveals an absolute standpoint precluding the possibility for any form of mediation that has come to be formed.With the delineation of the reasoning underlying Jihadi-Salafi concepts,the basis for the rejection of dialectical development is demonstrated,as well as the implications of the absolutist standpoint for the intensification of extremism culminating in the“Islamic State”.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to highlight the origin and evolution of the“Islamic State”(IS)with special focus on the root causes that helped construct its Islamic narrative,such as the idea of the Islamic caliphate.It argues that IS has not concealed all other jihadist groups,and it is just a new face of the same idea associated with political Islam:Salafi-Jihadism.This paper also tries to analyze the changing face of global jihadism through a comparative approach of Al-Qaeda and IS.It has been shown that while both groups have common ideological beliefs,they are in many ways different.By studying and analyzing the Islamic discourse of many Jihadist groups in the Middle East,the paper has showed a case of acute obscurantism which is reflected on the statements and behavior of these groups.However,they are open to communicate between their organizations.For the counter extremism initiatives,the threat of IS and its affiliated groups is not decreasing,but it is changing.What is needed in the region in order to fight this monster is a moment of reflection and reckoning by all Muslims.It requires a revolution in the dominant religious discourse.
