In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete mem...In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized symbols.The nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by stage.Simulation results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization bits.Furthermore,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss.展开更多
Coordinated investment and operations within renewable portfolio standards is one of the key technologies to meet the renewable energy target and realize the economic operations of the power system.This paper proposes...Coordinated investment and operations within renewable portfolio standards is one of the key technologies to meet the renewable energy target and realize the economic operations of the power system.This paper proposes a unified framework of coordinated planning and financial incentives.Joint investment in renewable energy and energy storage and joint optimization of energy and ancillary services are integrated into a unified framework.Various factors are taken into consideration by the social planner in the centralized electricity market,such as the sitting and sizing of renewable energy and energy storage,charge and discharge efficiency of the energy storage,transmission network constraints,reserve capacity,and financial incentives.This framework provides a tool for the social planner to determine the optimal planning scheme of renewable energy and energy storage.The conclusion derived is that the sum of market revenue and financial subsidies of renewable energy and energy storage is exactly equal to their investment cost which is obtained by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)condition of maximizing social welfare problems.A numerical result based on the modified IEEE-39 bus test system demonstrates the effectiveness of the unified framework.The impact of financial incentives,reserve capacity,and production costs on capital investment are studied.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a methodology to maximize the absorption bandwidth of a metal-insulator-metal(MIM) based absorber. The proposed structure is made of a Cr-Al_2O_3-Cr multilayer design. At the initial step,the...In this paper, we propose a methodology to maximize the absorption bandwidth of a metal-insulator-metal(MIM) based absorber. The proposed structure is made of a Cr-Al_2O_3-Cr multilayer design. At the initial step,the optimum MIM planar design is fabricated and optically characterized. The results show absorption above 0.9 from 400 nm to 850 nm. Afterward, the transfer matrix method is used to find the optimal condition for the perfect light absorption in an ultra-broadband frequency range. This modeling approach predicts that changing the filling fraction of the top Cr layer can extend light absorption toward longer wavelengths. We experimentally proved that the use of proper top Cr thickness and annealing temperature leads to a nearly perfect light absorption from 400 nm to 1150 nm, which is much broader than that of a planar design. Therefore, while keeping the overall process lithography-free, the absorption functionality of the design can be significantly improved. The results presented here can serve as a beacon for future performance-enhanced multilayer designs where a simple fabrication step can boost the overall device response without changing its overall thickness and fabrication simplicity.展开更多
The development of new wave energy converters has shed light on a number of unanswered questions in fluid mechanics, but has also identified a number of new issues of importance for their future deployment. The main c...The development of new wave energy converters has shed light on a number of unanswered questions in fluid mechanics, but has also identified a number of new issues of importance for their future deployment. The main concerns relevant to the practical use of wave energy converters are sustainability, survivability, and maintainability. Of course,it is also necessary to maximize the capture per unit area of the structure as well as to minimize the cost. In this review, we consider some of the questions related to the topics of sustainability, survivability, and maintenance access, with respect to sea conditions, for generic wave energy converters with an emphasis on the oscillating wave surge converter. New analytical models that have been developed are a topic of particular discussion. It is also shown how existing numerical models have been pushed to their limits to provide answers to open questions relating to the operation and characteristics of wave energy converters.展开更多
Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay tria...Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay triangulation method based on constrained maximum circumscribed circle is proposed. First, according to two important criteria, the empty circle features and the maximized minimum angle characteristics, we established constrained conditions. Then, we iterated the container vertices, structure triangular face linked lists, and finally got the Delaunay data. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the improved triangulation dissection method increased by 9.47% compared with traditional triangulation algorithms in irregular triangle vertex data.展开更多
The current structure of Landmark University (LU) was induced by raising a generation of solution providers through a qualitative and life-applicable training system that focuses on values and creative knowledge by ma...The current structure of Landmark University (LU) was induced by raising a generation of solution providers through a qualitative and life-applicable training system that focuses on values and creative knowledge by making it more responsive and relevant to the modern-day demands of demonstration, industrialization and development. The challenge facing Landmark University is the question of which of its numerous projects they should invest to give maximum output with minimum input. In this paper, we maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) and maintain the net discount cash overflow of each project per period as contained and extracted as the secondary data of cash inflows of the Landmark University (LU) monthly financial statement and annual reports from 2012 to 2017 of which the documents have been regrouped as small and large scale projects as many enterprises make more use of the trial-and-error method and as such firms have been finding it difficult in allocating scarce resources in a manner that will ensure profit maximization and/or cost minimization with a simple and accurate decision making by the company through an optimization principle in selecting LU project under multi-period capital rationing using linear programming (LP) and integer programming (IP). The annual net cash flow which is the difference between the cash inflows and cash outflows during each period for the project was estimated and recorded. The discount factors were estimated at cost of capital of 10% for each cash flow per period with the corresponding NPV at 10% which revealed that the optimal decision achieves maximum returns of $110 × 102 and this assisted the project manager to select a large number of the variable projects that can maximize the profit which is far better than relying on an ad-hoc judgmental approach to project investment that could have cost 160 × 102 for the same project. Sensitivity analysis on the project parameters are also carried out to test the extent to which project selection is sensitive to changes in the 展开更多
In order to estimate maximum steganographic capacity of discrete cosine transform（DCT） domain in JPEG image, this paper presents a method based on the maximize capacity under undetectable model（MCUU）. We analyze t...In order to estimate maximum steganographic capacity of discrete cosine transform（DCT） domain in JPEG image, this paper presents a method based on the maximize capacity under undetectable model（MCUU）. We analyze the relation between steganographic capacity and affecting factors（image size, steganography operator, loading band, embedding intensity and image complexity）. Then we design a steganography analyzer architecture and a steganographic algorithm which can dynamically increase the steganographic capacity. Compared with other methods of embedding capacity estimation in DCT domain, the proposed methods utilizes general steganalysis methods rather than one specific steganalysis technique and takes five essential factors into account, which improves the commonality and comprehensiveness of capacity estimation, respectively. The experimental results show that steganographic capacity for quantization index modulation（QIM） is almost twice that of spread spectrum（SS） based on MCUU model.展开更多
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer（AMS-02）,which is installed on the International Space Station（ISS）,has been collecting data successfully since May 2011.The main goals of AMS-02 are the search for cosmic anti-matte...The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer（AMS-02）,which is installed on the International Space Station（ISS）,has been collecting data successfully since May 2011.The main goals of AMS-02 are the search for cosmic anti-matter,dark matter and the precise measurement of the relative abundance of elements and isotopes in galactic cosmic rays.In order to identify particle properties,AMS-02 includes several specialized sub-detectors.Among these,the AMS-02 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector（RICH） is designed to provide a very precise measurement of the velocity and electric charge of particles.We describe a method to reject the dominant electron background in antiproton identification with the use of the AMS-02 RICH detector as a veto for rigidities below 3 GV.A ray tracing integration method is used to maximize the statistics of with the lowest possible e background,providing 4 times rejection power gain for e background with respect to only 3% of signal efficiency loss.By using the collected cosmic-ray data,e contamination can be well suppressed within 3% with β ≈ 1,while keeping 76% efficiency for below the threshold.展开更多
The influence of ISP＇s （ internet service provider） forging on static pricing scheme for priority services is analyzed. If lSP is honest, besides the price, after users enter the network market, it can＇t affect t...The influence of ISP＇s （ internet service provider） forging on static pricing scheme for priority services is analyzed. If lSP is honest, besides the price, after users enter the network market, it can＇t affect the market; if it forges, it can change its utility. The economical analysis proves that forging is possible, when ISP gains more than its loss, ISP will take the action. In response to forging, users may adapt their traffic allocation vectors to maximize their net benefit. If users will submit more traffic or in higher priority service class, ISP gains from the behavior, if users will submit less traffic or even exits the market, ISP＇s utility decrease. The market is completely different from before, forging changes the market. Several examples are presented to illustrate the results. At the same time, how the utility function and the willingness to pay affect forging is discussed.展开更多
基金financially supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1801402)in part by Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.
文摘In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized symbols.The nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by stage.Simulation results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization bits.Furthermore,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51777126。
文摘Coordinated investment and operations within renewable portfolio standards is one of the key technologies to meet the renewable energy target and realize the economic operations of the power system.This paper proposes a unified framework of coordinated planning and financial incentives.Joint investment in renewable energy and energy storage and joint optimization of energy and ancillary services are integrated into a unified framework.Various factors are taken into consideration by the social planner in the centralized electricity market,such as the sitting and sizing of renewable energy and energy storage,charge and discharge efficiency of the energy storage,transmission network constraints,reserve capacity,and financial incentives.This framework provides a tool for the social planner to determine the optimal planning scheme of renewable energy and energy storage.The conclusion derived is that the sum of market revenue and financial subsidies of renewable energy and energy storage is exactly equal to their investment cost which is obtained by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)condition of maximizing social welfare problems.A numerical result based on the modified IEEE-39 bus test system demonstrates the effectiveness of the unified framework.The impact of financial incentives,reserve capacity,and production costs on capital investment are studied.
基金Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu(TüBITAK)DPT-HAMIT(109E301,113E331)Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi(TUBA)
文摘In this paper, we propose a methodology to maximize the absorption bandwidth of a metal-insulator-metal(MIM) based absorber. The proposed structure is made of a Cr-Al_2O_3-Cr multilayer design. At the initial step,the optimum MIM planar design is fabricated and optically characterized. The results show absorption above 0.9 from 400 nm to 850 nm. Afterward, the transfer matrix method is used to find the optimal condition for the perfect light absorption in an ultra-broadband frequency range. This modeling approach predicts that changing the filling fraction of the top Cr layer can extend light absorption toward longer wavelengths. We experimentally proved that the use of proper top Cr thickness and annealing temperature leads to a nearly perfect light absorption from 400 nm to 1150 nm, which is much broader than that of a planar design. Therefore, while keeping the overall process lithography-free, the absorption functionality of the design can be significantly improved. The results presented here can serve as a beacon for future performance-enhanced multilayer designs where a simple fabrication step can boost the overall device response without changing its overall thickness and fabrication simplicity.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under the research project “High-end Computational Modelling for Wave Energy Systems” (Grant SFI/10/IN.1/12996) in collaboration with Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (Ma REI)the SFI Centre for Marine Renewable Energy Research (SFI/12/RC/2302)+4 种基金support from EPSRC through Project Grant EP/M021394/1the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) through the Renewable Energy Research Development & Demonstration Programme (Grant RE/OE/13/20132074)the European Space Agency (ESA)the numerical simulations were performed on the Stokes and Fionn clusters at the Irish Centre for High-end Computing (ICHEC)the Swiss National Computing Centre under the PRACE-2IP project (Grant FP7 RI-283493)
文摘The development of new wave energy converters has shed light on a number of unanswered questions in fluid mechanics, but has also identified a number of new issues of importance for their future deployment. The main concerns relevant to the practical use of wave energy converters are sustainability, survivability, and maintainability. Of course,it is also necessary to maximize the capture per unit area of the structure as well as to minimize the cost. In this review, we consider some of the questions related to the topics of sustainability, survivability, and maintenance access, with respect to sea conditions, for generic wave energy converters with an emphasis on the oscillating wave surge converter. New analytical models that have been developed are a topic of particular discussion. It is also shown how existing numerical models have been pushed to their limits to provide answers to open questions relating to the operation and characteristics of wave energy converters.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51179146)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010-Ia-050,2011-IV-027)
文摘Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay triangulation method based on constrained maximum circumscribed circle is proposed. First, according to two important criteria, the empty circle features and the maximized minimum angle characteristics, we established constrained conditions. Then, we iterated the container vertices, structure triangular face linked lists, and finally got the Delaunay data. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the improved triangulation dissection method increased by 9.47% compared with traditional triangulation algorithms in irregular triangle vertex data.
文摘The current structure of Landmark University (LU) was induced by raising a generation of solution providers through a qualitative and life-applicable training system that focuses on values and creative knowledge by making it more responsive and relevant to the modern-day demands of demonstration, industrialization and development. The challenge facing Landmark University is the question of which of its numerous projects they should invest to give maximum output with minimum input. In this paper, we maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) and maintain the net discount cash overflow of each project per period as contained and extracted as the secondary data of cash inflows of the Landmark University (LU) monthly financial statement and annual reports from 2012 to 2017 of which the documents have been regrouped as small and large scale projects as many enterprises make more use of the trial-and-error method and as such firms have been finding it difficult in allocating scarce resources in a manner that will ensure profit maximization and/or cost minimization with a simple and accurate decision making by the company through an optimization principle in selecting LU project under multi-period capital rationing using linear programming (LP) and integer programming (IP). The annual net cash flow which is the difference between the cash inflows and cash outflows during each period for the project was estimated and recorded. The discount factors were estimated at cost of capital of 10% for each cash flow per period with the corresponding NPV at 10% which revealed that the optimal decision achieves maximum returns of $110 × 102 and this assisted the project manager to select a large number of the variable projects that can maximize the profit which is far better than relying on an ad-hoc judgmental approach to project investment that could have cost 160 × 102 for the same project. Sensitivity analysis on the project parameters are also carried out to test the extent to which project selection is sensitive to changes in the
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61170271,61170272,61272310,61373131,61573316)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY15F020032,LQ12 F02016,LQ15E050006)
文摘In order to estimate maximum steganographic capacity of discrete cosine transform（DCT） domain in JPEG image, this paper presents a method based on the maximize capacity under undetectable model（MCUU）. We analyze the relation between steganographic capacity and affecting factors（image size, steganography operator, loading band, embedding intensity and image complexity）. Then we design a steganography analyzer architecture and a steganographic algorithm which can dynamically increase the steganographic capacity. Compared with other methods of embedding capacity estimation in DCT domain, the proposed methods utilizes general steganalysis methods rather than one specific steganalysis technique and takes five essential factors into account, which improves the commonality and comprehensiveness of capacity estimation, respectively. The experimental results show that steganographic capacity for quantization index modulation（QIM） is almost twice that of spread spectrum（SS） based on MCUU model.
基金Supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC)under Grant No.201306380027
文摘The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer（AMS-02）,which is installed on the International Space Station（ISS）,has been collecting data successfully since May 2011.The main goals of AMS-02 are the search for cosmic anti-matter,dark matter and the precise measurement of the relative abundance of elements and isotopes in galactic cosmic rays.In order to identify particle properties,AMS-02 includes several specialized sub-detectors.Among these,the AMS-02 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector（RICH） is designed to provide a very precise measurement of the velocity and electric charge of particles.We describe a method to reject the dominant electron background in antiproton identification with the use of the AMS-02 RICH detector as a veto for rigidities below 3 GV.A ray tracing integration method is used to maximize the statistics of with the lowest possible e background,providing 4 times rejection power gain for e background with respect to only 3% of signal efficiency loss.By using the collected cosmic-ray data,e contamination can be well suppressed within 3% with β ≈ 1,while keeping 76% efficiency for below the threshold.
文摘The influence of ISP＇s （ internet service provider） forging on static pricing scheme for priority services is analyzed. If lSP is honest, besides the price, after users enter the network market, it can＇t affect the market; if it forges, it can change its utility. The economical analysis proves that forging is possible, when ISP gains more than its loss, ISP will take the action. In response to forging, users may adapt their traffic allocation vectors to maximize their net benefit. If users will submit more traffic or in higher priority service class, ISP gains from the behavior, if users will submit less traffic or even exits the market, ISP＇s utility decrease. The market is completely different from before, forging changes the market. Several examples are presented to illustrate the results. At the same time, how the utility function and the willingness to pay affect forging is discussed.
