This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosteron...This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosterone(17 MT)immersion,2 exposure times(3 and 6 h)once or twice a week,and interaction of these factors were tested.A total of 12 treatment combinations under 3×2×2 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design were conducted to compare with the negative control group(no 17 MT-treated)and positive control group(17 MT-treated feed administration).One hundred red tilapia larvae(14 days post-hatch)were randomly allocated in each treatment and were operated in a 10-L glass jar for 21 days.At the end of the treatment regime,the survival rate was determined.Then,fish were raised in a 150-L glass tank using normal commercial feed for 2 months and sex ratios were determined via the gonad squash technique.None of the immersion treatments tested resulted in a statistically significant(p>0.05)decrease in survival rate.All 17 MT-treated groups produced progenies with a significantly higher(p<0.001)proportion of males than the predicted 1:1 sex ratio.Influences of some factor combinations in the masculinization of red tilapia were observed.The male ratio was significantly affected by the dose-period and dose-frequency treatments(p<0.05).The highest male proportion(95.33%±0.58%)was recorded at 1000μg/L of 17 MT for 6 h once a week which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than other groups.The production cost of the best group was the cheapest(THB0.0066/fish)and decreased from the traditional procedure by about 10.81%.Therefore,this technique could be implemented for decreasing cost and operating process in commercial tilapia farms.展开更多
A multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled superiority trial with 18 months of follow-up was conducted to investigate whether oral zinc supplementation could further promote spermatogenesis in males with isolat...A multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled superiority trial with 18 months of follow-up was conducted to investigate whether oral zinc supplementation could further promote spermatogenesis in males with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism （IHH） receiving sequential purified urinary follicular-stimulating hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin （uFSH/hCG） replacement. Sixty-seven Chinese male IHH patients were recruited from the Departments of Endocrinology in eight tertiary hospitals and randomly allocated into the sequential uFSH/hCG group （Group A, n = 34） or the sequential uFSH plus zinc supplementation group （Group B, n = 33）. In Group A, patients received sequential uFSH （75 U, three times a week every other 3 months） and hCG （2000 U, twice a week） treatments. In Group B, patients received oral zinc supplementation （40 mg day-1） in addition to the sequential uFSH/hCG treatment given to patients in Group A. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a sperm concentration 〉1.0 × 106 ml-1 during the 18 months. The comparison of efficacy between Groups A and B was analyzed. Nineteen of 34 （55.9%） patients receiving sequential uFSH/hCG and 20 of 33 （60.6%） patients receiving sequential uFSH/hCG plus zinc supplementation achieved sperm concentrations ≥1.0 × 106 ml-1 by intention to treat analyses. No differences between Group A and Group B were observed as far as the efficacy of inducing spermatogenesis （P = 0.69）. We concluded that the sequential uFSH/hCG plus zinc supplementation regimen had a similar efficacy to the sequential uFSH/hCG treatment alone. The additional improvement of 40 mg day-1 oral zinc supplementation on spermatogenesis and masculinization in male IHH patients is very subtle.展开更多
Androgens make major contributions to average sex differences in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Despite having established their crucial role in sexual differentiation, much remains to be learned about how androge...Androgens make major contributions to average sex differences in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Despite having established their crucial role in sexual differentiation, much remains to be learned about how androgens coordinate their influences. The present study was undertaken to shed light on androgenic effects on the body using self-reported survey data. We analyzed the ratings provided by over 11,000 college students on the magnitude of eleven traits that previous research has shown to be influenced by testosterone or other androgens. Predictably, the average values for all eleven traits were significantly greater in males than in females. Nevertheless, when data were analyzed separately according to sex of the respondents, some of the traits failed to positively correlate with one another, suggesting that not all an-drogen-influenced traits differentiate in a simple fashion. Factor analysis of these eleven traits by sex reinforced this view by identifying four factors. In men, the primary factor loaded most heavily on: masculine body build, masculine mannerisms, overall physical strength, upper body strength, and lower body strength. The primary factor for women was limited to: upper body strength, lower body strength, and overall physical strength. In both sexes, the primary factor was interpreted as reflecting the influence of perinatal and post-pubertal testosterone exposure. The other three factors may reflect the effects of other androgens (e.g., androstenediol), or the influence of female hormones such as estradiol. Findings were discussed in terms of future use of self-reported physiological measures for assessing androgenic effects on the human body.展开更多
Elevated temperature could influence the sex differentiation by altering the expression of sex-related genes in fish.However, the underlying mechanisms by which the gene expression is altered remain poorly understood....Elevated temperature could influence the sex differentiation by altering the expression of sex-related genes in fish.However, the underlying mechanisms by which the gene expression is altered remain poorly understood.Here, we aimed to explore the role of DNA methylation in sex differentiation of zebrafish(Danio rerio) in response to elevated temperature.The results showed that high temperature(33℃) exposure of fish from 20 to 30 days post fertilization(dpf), compared to normal temperature(28℃), resulted in male-biased sex ratio and decreased expression of female-related genes including cyp19a1a, sox9b and esr1.Meanwhile, the expressions of DNA methyltransferases dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and the DNA methylation levels in sox9b and esr1 promoter were significantly increased by high temperature, strongly implying that DNA methylation is involved in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish.Co-treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine(a DNA methylation inhibitor) attenuated the high temperature-induced masculinizing effect, recovered the expression of esr1 and sox9b, suppressed the transcription of dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and decreased the methylation of esr1 and sox9b promoter, further confirming that DNA methylation plays an important role in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish.Furthermore, the methylation of sox9b promoter decreased the enrichment of transcription factor CREB(cAMP-responsive element binding proteins).Overall, these findings suggest that high temperature induce masculinization of zebrafish by down-regulation of femalerelated genes via DNA methylation, providing a new insight in understanding the epigenetic mechanism of thermal-mediated sex differentiation in fish.展开更多
文摘This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosterone(17 MT)immersion,2 exposure times(3 and 6 h)once or twice a week,and interaction of these factors were tested.A total of 12 treatment combinations under 3×2×2 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design were conducted to compare with the negative control group(no 17 MT-treated)and positive control group(17 MT-treated feed administration).One hundred red tilapia larvae(14 days post-hatch)were randomly allocated in each treatment and were operated in a 10-L glass jar for 21 days.At the end of the treatment regime,the survival rate was determined.Then,fish were raised in a 150-L glass tank using normal commercial feed for 2 months and sex ratios were determined via the gonad squash technique.None of the immersion treatments tested resulted in a statistically significant(p>0.05)decrease in survival rate.All 17 MT-treated groups produced progenies with a significantly higher(p<0.001)proportion of males than the predicted 1:1 sex ratio.Influences of some factor combinations in the masculinization of red tilapia were observed.The male ratio was significantly affected by the dose-period and dose-frequency treatments(p<0.05).The highest male proportion(95.33%±0.58%)was recorded at 1000μg/L of 17 MT for 6 h once a week which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than other groups.The production cost of the best group was the cheapest(THB0.0066/fish)and decreased from the traditional procedure by about 10.81%.Therefore,this technique could be implemented for decreasing cost and operating process in commercial tilapia farms.
文摘A multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled superiority trial with 18 months of follow-up was conducted to investigate whether oral zinc supplementation could further promote spermatogenesis in males with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism （IHH） receiving sequential purified urinary follicular-stimulating hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin （uFSH/hCG） replacement. Sixty-seven Chinese male IHH patients were recruited from the Departments of Endocrinology in eight tertiary hospitals and randomly allocated into the sequential uFSH/hCG group （Group A, n = 34） or the sequential uFSH plus zinc supplementation group （Group B, n = 33）. In Group A, patients received sequential uFSH （75 U, three times a week every other 3 months） and hCG （2000 U, twice a week） treatments. In Group B, patients received oral zinc supplementation （40 mg day-1） in addition to the sequential uFSH/hCG treatment given to patients in Group A. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a sperm concentration 〉1.0 × 106 ml-1 during the 18 months. The comparison of efficacy between Groups A and B was analyzed. Nineteen of 34 （55.9%） patients receiving sequential uFSH/hCG and 20 of 33 （60.6%） patients receiving sequential uFSH/hCG plus zinc supplementation achieved sperm concentrations ≥1.0 × 106 ml-1 by intention to treat analyses. No differences between Group A and Group B were observed as far as the efficacy of inducing spermatogenesis （P = 0.69）. We concluded that the sequential uFSH/hCG plus zinc supplementation regimen had a similar efficacy to the sequential uFSH/hCG treatment alone. The additional improvement of 40 mg day-1 oral zinc supplementation on spermatogenesis and masculinization in male IHH patients is very subtle.
文摘Androgens make major contributions to average sex differences in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Despite having established their crucial role in sexual differentiation, much remains to be learned about how androgens coordinate their influences. The present study was undertaken to shed light on androgenic effects on the body using self-reported survey data. We analyzed the ratings provided by over 11,000 college students on the magnitude of eleven traits that previous research has shown to be influenced by testosterone or other androgens. Predictably, the average values for all eleven traits were significantly greater in males than in females. Nevertheless, when data were analyzed separately according to sex of the respondents, some of the traits failed to positively correlate with one another, suggesting that not all an-drogen-influenced traits differentiate in a simple fashion. Factor analysis of these eleven traits by sex reinforced this view by identifying four factors. In men, the primary factor loaded most heavily on: masculine body build, masculine mannerisms, overall physical strength, upper body strength, and lower body strength. The primary factor for women was limited to: upper body strength, lower body strength, and overall physical strength. In both sexes, the primary factor was interpreted as reflecting the influence of perinatal and post-pubertal testosterone exposure. The other three factors may reflect the effects of other androgens (e.g., androstenediol), or the influence of female hormones such as estradiol. Findings were discussed in terms of future use of self-reported physiological measures for assessing androgenic effects on the human body.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670517)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.1606RJZA080)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.lzujbky-2016-77)。
文摘Elevated temperature could influence the sex differentiation by altering the expression of sex-related genes in fish.However, the underlying mechanisms by which the gene expression is altered remain poorly understood.Here, we aimed to explore the role of DNA methylation in sex differentiation of zebrafish(Danio rerio) in response to elevated temperature.The results showed that high temperature(33℃) exposure of fish from 20 to 30 days post fertilization(dpf), compared to normal temperature(28℃), resulted in male-biased sex ratio and decreased expression of female-related genes including cyp19a1a, sox9b and esr1.Meanwhile, the expressions of DNA methyltransferases dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and the DNA methylation levels in sox9b and esr1 promoter were significantly increased by high temperature, strongly implying that DNA methylation is involved in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish.Co-treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine(a DNA methylation inhibitor) attenuated the high temperature-induced masculinizing effect, recovered the expression of esr1 and sox9b, suppressed the transcription of dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and decreased the methylation of esr1 and sox9b promoter, further confirming that DNA methylation plays an important role in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish.Furthermore, the methylation of sox9b promoter decreased the enrichment of transcription factor CREB(cAMP-responsive element binding proteins).Overall, these findings suggest that high temperature induce masculinization of zebrafish by down-regulation of femalerelated genes via DNA methylation, providing a new insight in understanding the epigenetic mechanism of thermal-mediated sex differentiation in fish.
