为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响,并提出相应的丰产对策,以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料,采取毯苗机插栽培方式,在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点,通过分期播种,研究不同生态条件下...为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响,并提出相应的丰产对策,以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料,采取毯苗机插栽培方式,在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点,通过分期播种,研究不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响。结果表明,不同生态条件下机插杂交籼稻的全生育期、产量和日产量存在差异;随着播期从3月下旬推迟至5月上旬,机插杂交籼稻播种至拔节期天数缩短,抽穗至成熟期天数增加,平均全生育期从159.5 d逐渐缩短至150.7 d,平均产量从10,260.45 kg hm^-2逐渐下降至7795.83 kg hm^-2,平均日产量从64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1逐渐下降至51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1。气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量和日产量的影响在不同生态条件下存在差异,产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,与水稻全生育期日平均温度、平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关;日产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,而与全生育期平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,在南部、射洪和大邑与全生育期日平均温度呈显著负相关。在四川盆地西平原区和中、东北丘陵区,冬水(闲)田或蔬菜茬口水稻最佳播期在3月下旬,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量;麦(油)茬水稻应在前茬收获后尽早抢栽,一般在4月下旬播种,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量。展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of frost dates to global warming and its influences on grain yields. In this study, based on the frost date series defined by daily minimum ground temperature, th...The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of frost dates to global warming and its influences on grain yields. In this study, based on the frost date series defined by daily minimum ground temperature, the spatial and temporal characteristics of first frost date （FFD）, last frost date （LFD） and frost-free period （FFP） were analyzed. The impact of extending FFP on major crop yields was also studied. The results were as follows： FFD showed a significantly delaying trend of 2.2 d/10 y, and LFD presented an advancing trend of 2.4 d/10 y. FFP extended at a rate of 4.5 d/10 y due to the later FFD and earlier LFD. The most obvious trend of FFD was in westem Henan, while the most significant trend of LFD and FFP oc- curred in south central parts of the study area. However, in eestem region, the trends of FFD, LFD and FFP were not so obvious. Major crop yield showed a sig- nificant correlation with frost-free period for Henan during 1961-2013. The yields of grain, rice, wheat, and maize increased by 79.5, 90.0, 79.5 and 70.5 kg/hm2 with FFP extending by one day.展开更多
Vegetative propagation of strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)in the plant factory with artificial lighting is considered as an effective approach to produce high-quality transplants.In this study,mother plants of...Vegetative propagation of strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)in the plant factory with artificial lighting is considered as an effective approach to produce high-quality transplants.In this study,mother plants of‘Benihoppe’strawberry were grown hydroponically for 50 d under eight LED lighting treatments by combining four levels of light intensity(200,250,300 and 350mmol/(m^(2)·s))and two photoperiods(12 h/d and 16 h/d).Runner development,growth of runner plants,photon yield and energy yield in runners and runner plants were investigated to evaluate the strawberry propagation efficiency.Results indicated that length of runners decreased linearly with increasing daily light integral(DLI)under each photoperiod and was significantly shorter under photoperiod of 16 h/d.Runner elongation was inhibited by high DLI.Number of runners and runner plants formed by mother plants increased by 38.9%and 33.7%,when DLI increased from 8.6 to 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d),respectively;however,no further increase was observed when DLI was higher than 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d).Similar trends were found in crown diameter and biomass of primary and secondary runner plants.Negative impact of high DLI(20.2 mol/(m^(2)·d))on photosynthetic capacity of runner plants was observed as a decrease in leaf net photosynthetic rate,potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,and chlorophyll content.Furthermore,photon yield and energy yield in runners and runner plants decreased significantly with increasing DLI.Therefore,DLI in a range of 11.5-17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d)is beneficial to improve strawberry propagation efficiency and quality of runner plants,and 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d)is optimal for the strawberry propagation of runner plants in the LED plant factory because of the higher photon and energy yields.展开更多
High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice ...High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and grain production in machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with a high daily yield. We conducted a field experiment on 20 medium indica hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018.Grain yield decreased significantly with growth duration between jointing and heading, but it increased with dry matter accumulation, growth rate between jointing and heading, dry matter partitioning to the stem plus sheath at heading, daily yield, and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with the medium and low daily yield variety types, the high daily yield variety type increased shoot biomass by improving crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation amount between jointing and heading and after heading. The high daily yield variety type decreased the growth duration pre-heading and the proportions of dry matter partitioned to the leaf lamina at heading and maturity, but it also increased the post-heading accumulated dry matter in the grain and the remobilization of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs. Furthermore,the high daily yield variety type significantly increased the occurrence rate of tillers, which is beneficial for the formation of a larger panicle size and an increase in the grain-filling rate. These changes contributed to a 6.51–23.16% relative increase in grain yield of the high daily yield variety type. In conclusion, the selection of high daily yield indica hybrid rice varieties with shorter pre-heading growth duration, greater tiller occurrence rate and spikelet numbers per panicle, higher post-jointing growth rates and stem plus sheath dry matter accumulation at heading is suitable for machine-transplanted rice.展开更多
文摘为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响,并提出相应的丰产对策,以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料,采取毯苗机插栽培方式,在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点,通过分期播种,研究不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响。结果表明,不同生态条件下机插杂交籼稻的全生育期、产量和日产量存在差异;随着播期从3月下旬推迟至5月上旬,机插杂交籼稻播种至拔节期天数缩短,抽穗至成熟期天数增加,平均全生育期从159.5 d逐渐缩短至150.7 d,平均产量从10,260.45 kg hm^-2逐渐下降至7795.83 kg hm^-2,平均日产量从64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1逐渐下降至51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1。气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量和日产量的影响在不同生态条件下存在差异,产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,与水稻全生育期日平均温度、平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关;日产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,而与全生育期平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,在南部、射洪和大邑与全生育期日平均温度呈显著负相关。在四川盆地西平原区和中、东北丘陵区,冬水(闲)田或蔬菜茬口水稻最佳播期在3月下旬,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量;麦(油)茬水稻应在前茬收获后尽早抢栽,一般在4月下旬播种,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量。
基金Funded by"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05090101,XDA05090104)China Global Change Research Program(2010CB950101,2012CB955403)+2 种基金Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2011FY120300)Doctor Foundation of Xinyang Normal University(0201403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271124,41101549)~~
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of frost dates to global warming and its influences on grain yields. In this study, based on the frost date series defined by daily minimum ground temperature, the spatial and temporal characteristics of first frost date （FFD）, last frost date （LFD） and frost-free period （FFP） were analyzed. The impact of extending FFP on major crop yields was also studied. The results were as follows： FFD showed a significantly delaying trend of 2.2 d/10 y, and LFD presented an advancing trend of 2.4 d/10 y. FFP extended at a rate of 4.5 d/10 y due to the later FFD and earlier LFD. The most obvious trend of FFD was in westem Henan, while the most significant trend of LFD and FFP oc- curred in south central parts of the study area. However, in eestem region, the trends of FFD, LFD and FFP were not so obvious. Major crop yield showed a sig- nificant correlation with frost-free period for Henan during 1961-2013. The yields of grain, rice, wheat, and maize increased by 79.5, 90.0, 79.5 and 70.5 kg/hm2 with FFP extending by one day.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0403901)This manuscript was presented at 2019 International Symposium on Environment Control Technology for Value-added Plant Production hold in Beijing at Aug.27-30,2019.
文摘Vegetative propagation of strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)in the plant factory with artificial lighting is considered as an effective approach to produce high-quality transplants.In this study,mother plants of‘Benihoppe’strawberry were grown hydroponically for 50 d under eight LED lighting treatments by combining four levels of light intensity(200,250,300 and 350mmol/(m^(2)·s))and two photoperiods(12 h/d and 16 h/d).Runner development,growth of runner plants,photon yield and energy yield in runners and runner plants were investigated to evaluate the strawberry propagation efficiency.Results indicated that length of runners decreased linearly with increasing daily light integral(DLI)under each photoperiod and was significantly shorter under photoperiod of 16 h/d.Runner elongation was inhibited by high DLI.Number of runners and runner plants formed by mother plants increased by 38.9%and 33.7%,when DLI increased from 8.6 to 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d),respectively;however,no further increase was observed when DLI was higher than 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d).Similar trends were found in crown diameter and biomass of primary and secondary runner plants.Negative impact of high DLI(20.2 mol/(m^(2)·d))on photosynthetic capacity of runner plants was observed as a decrease in leaf net photosynthetic rate,potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,and chlorophyll content.Furthermore,photon yield and energy yield in runners and runner plants decreased significantly with increasing DLI.Therefore,DLI in a range of 11.5-17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d)is beneficial to improve strawberry propagation efficiency and quality of runner plants,and 11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d)is optimal for the strawberry propagation of runner plants in the LED plant factory because of the higher photon and energy yields.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 31871564)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0300105,2016YFD0300506,and 2017YFD0301700)。
文摘High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and grain production in machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with a high daily yield. We conducted a field experiment on 20 medium indica hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018.Grain yield decreased significantly with growth duration between jointing and heading, but it increased with dry matter accumulation, growth rate between jointing and heading, dry matter partitioning to the stem plus sheath at heading, daily yield, and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with the medium and low daily yield variety types, the high daily yield variety type increased shoot biomass by improving crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation amount between jointing and heading and after heading. The high daily yield variety type decreased the growth duration pre-heading and the proportions of dry matter partitioned to the leaf lamina at heading and maturity, but it also increased the post-heading accumulated dry matter in the grain and the remobilization of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs. Furthermore,the high daily yield variety type significantly increased the occurrence rate of tillers, which is beneficial for the formation of a larger panicle size and an increase in the grain-filling rate. These changes contributed to a 6.51–23.16% relative increase in grain yield of the high daily yield variety type. In conclusion, the selection of high daily yield indica hybrid rice varieties with shorter pre-heading growth duration, greater tiller occurrence rate and spikelet numbers per panicle, higher post-jointing growth rates and stem plus sheath dry matter accumulation at heading is suitable for machine-transplanted rice.
文摘为研究水分胁迫对葡萄耗水规律和产量的影响,2012—2014年在甘肃省张掖市水务局灌溉试验站连续开展3 a设施栽培葡萄水分胁迫试验,将葡萄划分为萌芽、新梢生长、开花、果实膨大、着色成熟5个生育阶段,各生育期分别设1个土壤含水率下限为55%的田间持水率(field water holding capacity,FC)供水水平(中度水分胁迫)和1个土壤含水率下限为65%FC的供水水平(轻度胁迫),以下限为75%FC为对照,研究3种供水水平下葡萄日耗水强度、产量、水分利用效率等的变化。结果表明:1)3个试验年度设施栽培葡萄在果实膨大期日耗水强度均达到最高值,该阶段为设施葡萄需水临界期。2)水分胁迫对葡萄各生育期耗水强度有明显的影响,萌芽期中度水分胁迫降低该阶段耗水强度,但随后复水后耗水量迅速恢复并出现复水补偿增长效应;开花期时间较短,中度水分胁迫对耗水的影响在随后生育期(果实膨大期)才体现出来;着色成熟期中度水分胁迫也显著降低葡萄在胁迫时段的耗水强度;新梢生长期轻度水分胁迫显著影响葡萄日耗水强度。3)2012年萌芽期中度胁迫能提高葡萄产量、水分利用效率,提高效应随胁迫年度持续逐渐减小,2013和2014年产量与充分供水处理差异不显著。研究可为深入理解设施栽培葡萄的耗水特性和设施葡萄节水高效生产提供依据。
