摘要
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of frost dates to global warming and its influences on grain yields. In this study, based on the frost date series defined by daily minimum ground temperature, the spatial and temporal characteristics of first frost date （FFD）, last frost date （LFD） and frost-free period （FFP） were analyzed. The impact of extending FFP on major crop yields was also studied. The results were as follows： FFD showed a significantly delaying trend of 2.2 d/10 y, and LFD presented an advancing trend of 2.4 d/10 y. FFP extended at a rate of 4.5 d/10 y due to the later FFD and earlier LFD. The most obvious trend of FFD was in westem Henan, while the most significant trend of LFD and FFP oc- curred in south central parts of the study area. However, in eestem region, the trends of FFD, LFD and FFP were not so obvious. Major crop yield showed a sig- nificant correlation with frost-free period for Henan during 1961-2013. The yields of grain, rice, wheat, and maize increased by 79.5, 90.0, 79.5 and 70.5 kg/hm2 with FFP extending by one day.
该文的日的是研究无霜期变化对全球变暖的响应及其对粮食产量的影响。利用1961～2013年河南省17个测站均一化的逐日地面0cm最低气温资料，根据霜冻气候指标计算了各站逐年的初、终霜日期，在此基础上分析了过去53年河南省初、终霜日期和无霜期的时空变化特征，并探讨了无霜期的变化对粮食产量的影响。结果表明：①近53年来，河南省平均初霜日期以2．2d，10y的速率最著推迟。平均终霜日期以2.4d／10Y的速率显著提前，受此影响无霜期以4．5d／10Y的速率延长；②就空间变化而言，初霜期推迟最为明显的地区位于河南西部地区，中、南部平原地区终霜期提前最为明显。东部地区初、终霜日期和无霜期变化趋势不明显；③1961～2013年河南省元霜期的变化与主要粮食产量呈显著正相关，无霜期每提前1d，粮食总产量、稻谷、小麦和玉米分别提高793、90．0、793和70．5kg/hm2。
基金
Funded by"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05090101,XDA05090104)
China Global Change Research Program(2010CB950101,2012CB955403)
Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2011FY120300)
Doctor Foundation of Xinyang Normal University(0201403)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271124,41101549)~~
