The St and E are two important basic genomes in the perennial tribe Triticeae （Poaceae）. They exist in many perennial species and are very closely related to the A, B and D genomes of bread wheat （Triticum aestivum...The St and E are two important basic genomes in the perennial tribe Triticeae （Poaceae）. They exist in many perennial species and are very closely related to the A, B and D genomes of bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Genomic Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） were used to analyze the genomic relationships between the two genomes （St and E） and the three basic genomes （A, B and D） of T. aestivum. The semi-quantitative analysis of the Southern hybridization suggested that both St and E genomes are most closely related to the D genome, then the A genome, and relatively distant to the B genome. GISH analysis using St and E genomic DNA as probes further confirmed the conclusion. St and E are the two basic genomes of Thinopyrum ponticum （StStE^eE^bE^x） and Th. intermedium （StE^eE^b）, two perennial species successfully used in wheat improvement. Therefore, this paper provides a possible answer as to why most of the spontaneous wheat-Thinopyrum translocations and substitutions usually happen in the D genome, some in the A genome and rarely in the B genome. This would develop further use of alien species for wheat improvement, especially those containing St or E in their genome components.展开更多
: Phylogenetic relationships of the different species in the genus Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. were estimated based on chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S-26S rDNA of Arabidopsis and genomic ...: Phylogenetic relationships of the different species in the genus Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. were estimated based on chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S-26S rDNA of Arabidopsis and genomic DNA of Dendranthema as probes. The results revealed that there was no positive correlation between the number of nuclear organization region (NOR) loci and the ploidy of Dendranthema. The exact cytogenetic information of NORs about 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated that D. vestitum (Hemsl.) Ling et Shih was closer to the cultivars than other putative species, whereas D. zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. was the most distinct. The ambiguously distributed signals of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with genomic DNA of lower ploidy species as probes suggested that different genomes among Dendranthema were mixed. The result also indicated the limitation of GISH in studies on the phylogenetic relationships of the different species in this genus Dendranthema and on the origin of cultivated chrysanthemums. Based on these results and previous research, the origin of Chinese cultivated chrysanthemum is discussed.展开更多
割手密作为甘蔗育种中重要的野生亲本,具有适应范围广、抗病和抗逆性强的优势。为了确定5S r DNA在不同倍性割手密基因组中的分布位点的数目、区域与拷贝数,本研究应用荧光原位杂交技术在云南82-114(2n=10x=80)和福建89-1-19(2n=13x=104...割手密作为甘蔗育种中重要的野生亲本,具有适应范围广、抗病和抗逆性强的优势。为了确定5S r DNA在不同倍性割手密基因组中的分布位点的数目、区域与拷贝数,本研究应用荧光原位杂交技术在云南82-114(2n=10x=80)和福建89-1-19(2n=13x=104)两份不同倍性割手密材料的间期核和中期染色体上进行5S r DNA定位研究。结果表明:5S r DNA在这两个割手密无性系中的位点数、分布位置以及信号的强弱变化较大。其中,云南82-114割手密有10个信号位点,且基本都在着丝粒附近;福建89-1-19割手密有13个信号位点,部分靠近着丝粒,还有少部分在着丝粒附近的长臂上;同一细胞中不同染色体上的杂交信号有强弱之分,差异明显;而且割手密的5S r DNA位点数与倍性具有相关性,在染色体上没有固定的分布模式,5S r DNA在不同染色体上的拷贝数存在较大的差异。研究结果揭示了割手密染色体结构多样性和5S r DNA拷贝数多样性,可在分子水平上为染色体提供有效的识别标记,有助于物种的进化及亲缘关系的分析。展开更多
Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain larg...Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including a discussion on why we have been largely unsuccessful at identifying disease-causing mutations in infertile men. Finally clinical applications of sperm aneuploidy screening will be touched upon along with future prospective clinical tests to better characterize male infertility in a move towards personalized medicine.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30671293）.The authors thank Ms. Yanyan Ru and Mr. Wei Yue for their technical assistance and beneficial discussion on the manuscript.
文摘The St and E are two important basic genomes in the perennial tribe Triticeae （Poaceae）. They exist in many perennial species and are very closely related to the A, B and D genomes of bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Genomic Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） were used to analyze the genomic relationships between the two genomes （St and E） and the three basic genomes （A, B and D） of T. aestivum. The semi-quantitative analysis of the Southern hybridization suggested that both St and E genomes are most closely related to the D genome, then the A genome, and relatively distant to the B genome. GISH analysis using St and E genomic DNA as probes further confirmed the conclusion. St and E are the two basic genomes of Thinopyrum ponticum （StStE^eE^bE^x） and Th. intermedium （StE^eE^b）, two perennial species successfully used in wheat improvement. Therefore, this paper provides a possible answer as to why most of the spontaneous wheat-Thinopyrum translocations and substitutions usually happen in the D genome, some in the A genome and rarely in the B genome. This would develop further use of alien species for wheat improvement, especially those containing St or E in their genome components.
文摘: Phylogenetic relationships of the different species in the genus Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. were estimated based on chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S-26S rDNA of Arabidopsis and genomic DNA of Dendranthema as probes. The results revealed that there was no positive correlation between the number of nuclear organization region (NOR) loci and the ploidy of Dendranthema. The exact cytogenetic information of NORs about 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated that D. vestitum (Hemsl.) Ling et Shih was closer to the cultivars than other putative species, whereas D. zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. was the most distinct. The ambiguously distributed signals of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with genomic DNA of lower ploidy species as probes suggested that different genomes among Dendranthema were mixed. The result also indicated the limitation of GISH in studies on the phylogenetic relationships of the different species in this genus Dendranthema and on the origin of cultivated chrysanthemums. Based on these results and previous research, the origin of Chinese cultivated chrysanthemum is discussed.
文摘割手密作为甘蔗育种中重要的野生亲本,具有适应范围广、抗病和抗逆性强的优势。为了确定5S r DNA在不同倍性割手密基因组中的分布位点的数目、区域与拷贝数,本研究应用荧光原位杂交技术在云南82-114(2n=10x=80)和福建89-1-19(2n=13x=104)两份不同倍性割手密材料的间期核和中期染色体上进行5S r DNA定位研究。结果表明:5S r DNA在这两个割手密无性系中的位点数、分布位置以及信号的强弱变化较大。其中,云南82-114割手密有10个信号位点,且基本都在着丝粒附近;福建89-1-19割手密有13个信号位点,部分靠近着丝粒,还有少部分在着丝粒附近的长臂上;同一细胞中不同染色体上的杂交信号有强弱之分,差异明显;而且割手密的5S r DNA位点数与倍性具有相关性,在染色体上没有固定的分布模式,5S r DNA在不同染色体上的拷贝数存在较大的差异。研究结果揭示了割手密染色体结构多样性和5S r DNA拷贝数多样性,可在分子水平上为染色体提供有效的识别标记,有助于物种的进化及亲缘关系的分析。
文摘Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including a discussion on why we have been largely unsuccessful at identifying disease-causing mutations in infertile men. Finally clinical applications of sperm aneuploidy screening will be touched upon along with future prospective clinical tests to better characterize male infertility in a move towards personalized medicine.
