Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The ...Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However,the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet(HFD) were administeredvehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue(sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7 B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid(TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.展开更多
目的检索、评价和整合妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案的最佳证据,为临床护理实践提供依据。方法计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、国际指南协作网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会网站、美国糖尿病协会网站、中国医脉通指南网、Cochrane Li...目的检索、评价和整合妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案的最佳证据,为临床护理实践提供依据。方法计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、国际指南协作网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会网站、美国糖尿病协会网站、中国医脉通指南网、Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国知网、万方知识数据服务平台等数据库、指南网以及专业协会网站关于妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案的所有证据,包括指南、系统评价、证据总结、推荐实践和专家共识,检索时限为建库至2019年5月。采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心的文献评价标准和证据分级系统,对研究进行文献质量评价及证据级别评定。结果共纳入文献16篇,从妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案适用人群、运动获益、运动风险、运动评估、运动方式、运动强度、运动时间和注意事项8个方面汇总31条最佳证据。结论妊娠期糖尿病孕妇适度运动是安全有效的,临床护士可以通过应用最佳证据指导妊娠期糖尿病孕妇孕期合理运动,提高护理干预的科学性。展开更多
Finding the electromagnetic （EM） counterpart of binary compact star merger, especially the binary neutron star （BNS） merger, is critically important for gravitational wave （GW） astronomy, cosmology and fundament...Finding the electromagnetic （EM） counterpart of binary compact star merger, especially the binary neutron star （BNS） merger, is critically important for gravitational wave （GW） astronomy, cosmology and fundamental physics. On Aug. 17, 2017, Advanced LIGO and Fermi/GBM independently triggered the first BNS merger, GW170817, and its high energy EM counterpart, GRB 170817A, respectively, resulting in a global observation campaign covering gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, IR, radio as well as neutrinos. The High Energy X-ray telescope （HE） onboard Insight-HXMT （Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope） is the unique high-energy gamma-ray telescope that monitored the entire GW localization area and especially the optical counterpart （SSS17a/AT2017gfo） with very large collection area （M000 cm2） and microsecond time resolution in 0.2-5 MeV. In addition, Insight-HXMT quickly implemented a Target of Opportunity （TOO） observation to scan the GW localization area for potential X-ray emission from the GW source. Although Insight-HXMT did not detect any significant high energy （0.2-5 MeV） radiation from GW170817, its observation helped to confirm the unexpected weak and soft nature of GRB 170817A. Meanwhile, Insight-HXMT/HE provides one of the most stringent constraints （-10-7 to 104 erg/cm2/s） for both GRB170817A and any other possible precursor or extended emissions in 0.2-5 MeV, which help us to better understand the properties of EM radiation from this BNS merger. Therefore the observation of Insight-HXMT constitutes an important chapter in the full context of multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observation of this historical GW event.展开更多
Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in ...Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and pulmonary infection. In this study, the effects of QF on Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia in mice were evaluated. The mechanisms by which four typical antiinflammatory ingredients from QF, arctigenin(ATG), cholic acid(CLA), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and sinapic acid(SPA), regulate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and related targets were investigated using molecular biology and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with QF significantly inhibits the release of cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines(IL-8 and RANTES),reduces leukocytes recruitment into inflamed tissues and ameliorates pulmonary edema and necrosis. In addition, ATG was identified as the primary anti-inflammatory agent with action on the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. CLA and CGA enhanced the actions of ATG and exhibited synergistic NF-κB inactivation effects possibly via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, CLA is speculated to target FGFR and MEK firstly. Overall, QF regulated the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections effectively.展开更多
In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The m...In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.SQ2018YFC100236)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.91857115,81522007,81470554,31401011,and 81700010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University(grant No.PKU2018LCXQ013,China)Beijing Nova Program(grant No.Z161100004916056,China)
文摘Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However,the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet(HFD) were administeredvehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue(sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7 B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid(TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.
文摘目的检索、评价和整合妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案的最佳证据,为临床护理实践提供依据。方法计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、国际指南协作网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会网站、美国糖尿病协会网站、中国医脉通指南网、Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国知网、万方知识数据服务平台等数据库、指南网以及专业协会网站关于妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案的所有证据,包括指南、系统评价、证据总结、推荐实践和专家共识,检索时限为建库至2019年5月。采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心的文献评价标准和证据分级系统,对研究进行文献质量评价及证据级别评定。结果共纳入文献16篇,从妊娠期糖尿病孕妇运动方案适用人群、运动获益、运动风险、运动评估、运动方式、运动强度、运动时间和注意事项8个方面汇总31条最佳证据。结论妊娠期糖尿病孕妇适度运动是安全有效的,临床护士可以通过应用最佳证据指导妊娠期糖尿病孕妇孕期合理运动,提高护理干预的科学性。
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2016YFA0400800)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23040400)the Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11233001,11503027,11403026,11473027,and11733009)
文摘Finding the electromagnetic （EM） counterpart of binary compact star merger, especially the binary neutron star （BNS） merger, is critically important for gravitational wave （GW） astronomy, cosmology and fundamental physics. On Aug. 17, 2017, Advanced LIGO and Fermi/GBM independently triggered the first BNS merger, GW170817, and its high energy EM counterpart, GRB 170817A, respectively, resulting in a global observation campaign covering gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, IR, radio as well as neutrinos. The High Energy X-ray telescope （HE） onboard Insight-HXMT （Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope） is the unique high-energy gamma-ray telescope that monitored the entire GW localization area and especially the optical counterpart （SSS17a/AT2017gfo） with very large collection area （M000 cm2） and microsecond time resolution in 0.2-5 MeV. In addition, Insight-HXMT quickly implemented a Target of Opportunity （TOO） observation to scan the GW localization area for potential X-ray emission from the GW source. Although Insight-HXMT did not detect any significant high energy （0.2-5 MeV） radiation from GW170817, its observation helped to confirm the unexpected weak and soft nature of GRB 170817A. Meanwhile, Insight-HXMT/HE provides one of the most stringent constraints （-10-7 to 104 erg/cm2/s） for both GRB170817A and any other possible precursor or extended emissions in 0.2-5 MeV, which help us to better understand the properties of EM radiation from this BNS merger. Therefore the observation of Insight-HXMT constitutes an important chapter in the full context of multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observation of this historical GW event.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173638 and 81373506)the Key Program of Natural Science of Foundation of TianjinChina(No.13JCZDJC31400)
文摘Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and pulmonary infection. In this study, the effects of QF on Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia in mice were evaluated. The mechanisms by which four typical antiinflammatory ingredients from QF, arctigenin(ATG), cholic acid(CLA), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and sinapic acid(SPA), regulate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and related targets were investigated using molecular biology and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with QF significantly inhibits the release of cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines(IL-8 and RANTES),reduces leukocytes recruitment into inflamed tissues and ameliorates pulmonary edema and necrosis. In addition, ATG was identified as the primary anti-inflammatory agent with action on the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. CLA and CGA enhanced the actions of ATG and exhibited synergistic NF-κB inactivation effects possibly via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, CLA is speculated to target FGFR and MEK firstly. Overall, QF regulated the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections effectively.
基金support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15020100)support by ASI, under the dedicated eXTP agreements and agreement ASI-INAF (Grant No. 2017-14-H.O.)+3 种基金by INAF and INFN under project REDSOXsupport from the Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, the German Aerospce Center (DLR)support of Science Centre (Grant No. 2013/10/M/ST9/00729)support from MINECO (Grant No. ESP2017-82674-R) and FEDER funds
文摘In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.
