Wind energy is a clean and sustainable energy, and wind power does not rely on fossil fuels. So there is no fuel price risk, and it, of course, does not include the environmental costs, such as carbon emissions. Becau...Wind energy is a clean and sustainable energy, and wind power does not rely on fossil fuels. So there is no fuel price risk, and it, of course, does not include the environmental costs, such as carbon emissions. Because of these unique advantages, wind power has gradually become an important part of the strategy of sustainable development in China. Now with the growing voices on global greenhouse gas emission reduction, and as a clean and efficient energy, wind power has huge potential in combating climate change, energy security pressures and the needs for energy. Wind power in China began to develop from the 1980s. In the first 20 years, the speed of development was slow; but since 2004, it has had an extremely rapid growth.This paper, in order to study the development mechanism of China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry, investigated and analyzed the status quo of wind power industry in China, and then found that （1） the development trend of wind power industry in China appears exponential growth; （2） China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s installed capacity of wind power is still smaller than that os some other countries; （3） new subsidy policies bring developing opportunities to wind power industry in China; （4） the sectors of wind power industry are in unbalanced growing; （5） the owners of proposed wind farms are too optimistic though the built wind farm had many problems. In addition, by using the methodology of Game Theory, this paper has also constructed the matrix of pre-assessing risks of China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry to further discuss the potential risk factors within China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry as risk factors of wind farm construction, risk factors of production of wind turbines, risk factors of parts and components manufacturing industry under risk indicators like R＆amp;amp;amp;amp;D, patents, the domestic policy, the international policy, the quality of products and the market regulation, in order to provide a scientific assessment and self-assessm展开更多
With the purpose of obtaining compositionally uniform ingots during Ohno continuous casting of a dilute industrial aluminum alloy through eliminating segregation due to convection, a magnetic field strength required t...With the purpose of obtaining compositionally uniform ingots during Ohno continuous casting of a dilute industrial aluminum alloy through eliminating segregation due to convection, a magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and suppress macrosegregation was numerically determined. This was achieved by solving conservation equations of continuity, momentum, energy and Maxwell’s equations in order to predict the magnetic field effects on flow field (determining macrosegregation). The electromagnetic field was applied orthogonally to the natural convection flow. Through this approach, the optimum magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and establish diffusion controlled solute transport of the alloy during solidification was established.展开更多
Climate change is a long-term and important challenge facing the whole world. Mitigation of CO2 emissions is one of important measures responding to climate change. The task of responding to climate change facing each...Climate change is a long-term and important challenge facing the whole world. Mitigation of CO2 emissions is one of important measures responding to climate change. The task of responding to climate change facing each city is very urgent. The total amount of Tianjin City＆#39;s CO2 emissions from energy use and industrial processes is large and the amount of CO2 emissions per capita from fossil fuel combustion is quite high. Mitigation of CO2 emission in Tianjin City encounters many difficulties such as increasing population, rapidly growing economy, heavy industrial structure, backward tertiary industry, low level of energy efficiency and product technologies, and energy structure relying mainly on coal. This paper analyzes Tianjin City＆#39;s general situation of economic and social developments, estimates Tianjin City＆#39;s status of CO2 emissions using 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, analyzes Tianjin City＆#39;s driving forces of CO2 emissions by methodology to analyze the driving forces of energy-related CO2 emissions, and puts forward countermeasures mitigating CO2 emissions in Tianjin City, such as strictly controlling increasing population, expediting industrial structure adjustment, insisting on strategy of energy conserving, vigorously enhancing energy efficiency, exploiting and using clean and renewable energy, advancing energy structure adjustments, and actively developing carbon capture and storage （CCS） technologies.展开更多
Two additives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） and ammonium chloride （NH4C1） were separately used in the electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloy films from a deep eutectic solvent. The effects of these two add...Two additives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） and ammonium chloride （NH4C1） were separately used in the electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloy films from a deep eutectic solvent. The effects of these two additives on electrodeposition behavior, composition, morphology, and corrosion performance of the Zn-Ni alloys were investigated. The electrodeposition behaviors of Zn-Ni alloy revealed by the cyclic voltammetry show that the addition of EDTA to the Zn-Ni electrolyte enhances the Zn incorporation into the alloy film while the addition of NH4C1 produces an opposite effect by suppressing Zn incorporation into the film. With an increase of EDTA concentration in the electrolyte, the Zn content of the Zn-Ni films increases, while the grain size of the deposits and the current efficiency of the plating process decrease. The increase of NH4C1 concentration in the electrolyte would significantly refine the grain size of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni films, reduce the Zn content and increase the cathodic current efficiency. The corrosion testing indicates that the barrier corrosion resistances of Zn-Ni films electrodeposited from NHnC1 containing electrolytes are superior to those electrodeposited from EDTA-containing electrolytes, which in turn are superior to those electrodeposited from additive-free electrolytes.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan(Grant No.2007BAC03A12)
文摘Wind energy is a clean and sustainable energy, and wind power does not rely on fossil fuels. So there is no fuel price risk, and it, of course, does not include the environmental costs, such as carbon emissions. Because of these unique advantages, wind power has gradually become an important part of the strategy of sustainable development in China. Now with the growing voices on global greenhouse gas emission reduction, and as a clean and efficient energy, wind power has huge potential in combating climate change, energy security pressures and the needs for energy. Wind power in China began to develop from the 1980s. In the first 20 years, the speed of development was slow; but since 2004, it has had an extremely rapid growth.This paper, in order to study the development mechanism of China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry, investigated and analyzed the status quo of wind power industry in China, and then found that （1） the development trend of wind power industry in China appears exponential growth; （2） China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s installed capacity of wind power is still smaller than that os some other countries; （3） new subsidy policies bring developing opportunities to wind power industry in China; （4） the sectors of wind power industry are in unbalanced growing; （5） the owners of proposed wind farms are too optimistic though the built wind farm had many problems. In addition, by using the methodology of Game Theory, this paper has also constructed the matrix of pre-assessing risks of China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry to further discuss the potential risk factors within China＆amp;amp;amp;#39;s wind power industry as risk factors of wind farm construction, risk factors of production of wind turbines, risk factors of parts and components manufacturing industry under risk indicators like R＆amp;amp;amp;amp;D, patents, the domestic policy, the international policy, the quality of products and the market regulation, in order to provide a scientific assessment and self-assessm
文摘With the purpose of obtaining compositionally uniform ingots during Ohno continuous casting of a dilute industrial aluminum alloy through eliminating segregation due to convection, a magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and suppress macrosegregation was numerically determined. This was achieved by solving conservation equations of continuity, momentum, energy and Maxwell’s equations in order to predict the magnetic field effects on flow field (determining macrosegregation). The electromagnetic field was applied orthogonally to the natural convection flow. Through this approach, the optimum magnetic field strength required to damp natural convection and establish diffusion controlled solute transport of the alloy during solidification was established.
基金supported by National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China in the 11th Five Year Plan (Grant No. 2007BAC03A12)
文摘Climate change is a long-term and important challenge facing the whole world. Mitigation of CO2 emissions is one of important measures responding to climate change. The task of responding to climate change facing each city is very urgent. The total amount of Tianjin City＆#39;s CO2 emissions from energy use and industrial processes is large and the amount of CO2 emissions per capita from fossil fuel combustion is quite high. Mitigation of CO2 emission in Tianjin City encounters many difficulties such as increasing population, rapidly growing economy, heavy industrial structure, backward tertiary industry, low level of energy efficiency and product technologies, and energy structure relying mainly on coal. This paper analyzes Tianjin City＆#39;s general situation of economic and social developments, estimates Tianjin City＆#39;s status of CO2 emissions using 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, analyzes Tianjin City＆#39;s driving forces of CO2 emissions by methodology to analyze the driving forces of energy-related CO2 emissions, and puts forward countermeasures mitigating CO2 emissions in Tianjin City, such as strictly controlling increasing population, expediting industrial structure adjustment, insisting on strategy of energy conserving, vigorously enhancing energy efficiency, exploiting and using clean and renewable energy, advancing energy structure adjustments, and actively developing carbon capture and storage （CCS） technologies.
基金Projects(51271169,51001089) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Two additives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） and ammonium chloride （NH4C1） were separately used in the electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloy films from a deep eutectic solvent. The effects of these two additives on electrodeposition behavior, composition, morphology, and corrosion performance of the Zn-Ni alloys were investigated. The electrodeposition behaviors of Zn-Ni alloy revealed by the cyclic voltammetry show that the addition of EDTA to the Zn-Ni electrolyte enhances the Zn incorporation into the alloy film while the addition of NH4C1 produces an opposite effect by suppressing Zn incorporation into the film. With an increase of EDTA concentration in the electrolyte, the Zn content of the Zn-Ni films increases, while the grain size of the deposits and the current efficiency of the plating process decrease. The increase of NH4C1 concentration in the electrolyte would significantly refine the grain size of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni films, reduce the Zn content and increase the cathodic current efficiency. The corrosion testing indicates that the barrier corrosion resistances of Zn-Ni films electrodeposited from NHnC1 containing electrolytes are superior to those electrodeposited from EDTA-containing electrolytes, which in turn are superior to those electrodeposited from additive-free electrolytes.
