Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combi...Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.展开更多
In order to develop the resources of native turfgrass,the morphological traits and drought resistance of native Siberian bluegrass(Poa sibirica,abbreviated as PS)was evaluated using the introduced Kentucky bluegrass&#...In order to develop the resources of native turfgrass,the morphological traits and drought resistance of native Siberian bluegrass(Poa sibirica,abbreviated as PS)was evaluated using the introduced Kentucky bluegrass'Midnight'(Poa pratensis,abbreviated as PP)as a control.Two water schemes were imposed to plants in this pot culture study in greenhouse.One was with drought stress persistent limiting water supply for 20 days,the other was re-hydrated until 14 days after drought.The leaf shape,turf color,water status and cell plasma membrane permeability were evaluated.Similar changing trends with these parameters were shown for both species,and there were not significant differences with most evaluations during drought and re-water periods.The values leaf width and length of PS were higher while leaf color intensity was slightly lower than that of PP,but the greenness of PS leaf was still visually acceptable.There were not significant differences with cell membrane stability between the two species.In comparison,the native wild species PS possessed the potential for to be domesticated into a new cultivar for turf industry.展开更多
Selaginella pulvinata Maxim. distributes all over the country of China and is used for the treatment for haemor rhage. [1] We studied on the chemical constituents of S. pulvinata in order to find the active compou... Selaginella pulvinata Maxim. distributes all over the country of China and is used for the treatment for haemor rhage. [1] We studied on the chemical constituents of S. pulvinata in order to find the active compounds. Dried stems and leaves of S. pulvinata (6.5 kg) were extracted with 70% ethanol twice. The extract was evaporated under vacuum and than suspended in water, extracted with petroleum and EtOAc sequentially. The EtOAc extract was chromatographed on silica gel, eluted with CHCl3-MeOH. As a result, a novel biflavone, named pulvinatabiflavone, was obtained from fractions 75 ～ 78. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as 5,5″, 4′″ trihydroxy-7,7″-dimethoxy-[4′-O-6″]-biflavone (compound 1).……展开更多
Background Numerous studies have shown that reducing the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNFα） through the use of anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor is a safe and efficacious treatment to inflammator...Background Numerous studies have shown that reducing the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNFα） through the use of anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor is a safe and efficacious treatment to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, novel approaches to achieve this outcome are desired. The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of a small molecule inhibitor, Y316, which blocks TNF mRNA upregulation and TNF production by lipopolysaccharides （LPS） stimulated monocytes. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） from healthy volunteers were plated in 24-well plates and stimulated with LPS （1 pg/ml）, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate （PMA） （100 ng/ml）, zymosan （10 IJg/ml） and Tsst （100 ng/ml）. Supernatants were collected after 4-hour culture at 37℃, and quantitative determination of TNFα, interleukin-113 （IL-1β）, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-2 production in the supernatants was performed by colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total RNA of PBMC was isolated and cytokine mRNA quantitation was performed by using a RNA level measuring kit （R ＆ D Systems）. PBMC were pretreated with Y316 （10 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 0.1 μmol/L, 0.01 μmol/L and 0.001 μmOl/L） or dimethyl sulfoxide at 37℃ for 10 minutes, and then stimulated with LPS or PMA, protein concentrations of p44.42, IKBa, P38 and Jun NH2-terminat kinase were determined by Western blotting. Cyclic adenosine-3＇,5＇-monophosphate （cAMP） of PBMC was measured by enzyme immunoassay kit （Amersham Pharmacia Biotech）. Results Y316 blocked TNF production and inhibited the upregulation of TNF mRNA levels in response to LPS, and also prevented the production of IL-1 and IL-6. In contrast, Y316 augmented the production of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Y316 failed to prevent the production of IL-2 and TNF in antigen-stimulated T cells, suggesting that its effects may be cell-type specific. Y316 prevented the phosphorylation and activation o展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB523002)the National Action of Technology Personnel Servicing Enterprise Program of China(No.2009FJ5049)+1 种基金the Foundation of Hunan Science and Technology Committee, China(No.2009XK6032, 2009-152)the Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee, China(No.09CY001)
文摘Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(31971772,31772354,31372091)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(201910224035)。
文摘In order to develop the resources of native turfgrass,the morphological traits and drought resistance of native Siberian bluegrass(Poa sibirica,abbreviated as PS)was evaluated using the introduced Kentucky bluegrass'Midnight'(Poa pratensis,abbreviated as PP)as a control.Two water schemes were imposed to plants in this pot culture study in greenhouse.One was with drought stress persistent limiting water supply for 20 days,the other was re-hydrated until 14 days after drought.The leaf shape,turf color,water status and cell plasma membrane permeability were evaluated.Similar changing trends with these parameters were shown for both species,and there were not significant differences with most evaluations during drought and re-water periods.The values leaf width and length of PS were higher while leaf color intensity was slightly lower than that of PP,but the greenness of PS leaf was still visually acceptable.There were not significant differences with cell membrane stability between the two species.In comparison,the native wild species PS possessed the potential for to be domesticated into a new cultivar for turf industry.
文摘 Selaginella pulvinata Maxim. distributes all over the country of China and is used for the treatment for haemor rhage. [1] We studied on the chemical constituents of S. pulvinata in order to find the active compounds. Dried stems and leaves of S. pulvinata (6.5 kg) were extracted with 70% ethanol twice. The extract was evaporated under vacuum and than suspended in water, extracted with petroleum and EtOAc sequentially. The EtOAc extract was chromatographed on silica gel, eluted with CHCl3-MeOH. As a result, a novel biflavone, named pulvinatabiflavone, was obtained from fractions 75 ～ 78. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as 5,5″, 4′″ trihydroxy-7,7″-dimethoxy-[4′-O-6″]-biflavone (compound 1).……
文摘Background Numerous studies have shown that reducing the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNFα） through the use of anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor is a safe and efficacious treatment to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, novel approaches to achieve this outcome are desired. The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of a small molecule inhibitor, Y316, which blocks TNF mRNA upregulation and TNF production by lipopolysaccharides （LPS） stimulated monocytes. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） from healthy volunteers were plated in 24-well plates and stimulated with LPS （1 pg/ml）, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate （PMA） （100 ng/ml）, zymosan （10 IJg/ml） and Tsst （100 ng/ml）. Supernatants were collected after 4-hour culture at 37℃, and quantitative determination of TNFα, interleukin-113 （IL-1β）, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-2 production in the supernatants was performed by colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total RNA of PBMC was isolated and cytokine mRNA quantitation was performed by using a RNA level measuring kit （R ＆ D Systems）. PBMC were pretreated with Y316 （10 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 0.1 μmol/L, 0.01 μmol/L and 0.001 μmOl/L） or dimethyl sulfoxide at 37℃ for 10 minutes, and then stimulated with LPS or PMA, protein concentrations of p44.42, IKBa, P38 and Jun NH2-terminat kinase were determined by Western blotting. Cyclic adenosine-3＇,5＇-monophosphate （cAMP） of PBMC was measured by enzyme immunoassay kit （Amersham Pharmacia Biotech）. Results Y316 blocked TNF production and inhibited the upregulation of TNF mRNA levels in response to LPS, and also prevented the production of IL-1 and IL-6. In contrast, Y316 augmented the production of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Y316 failed to prevent the production of IL-2 and TNF in antigen-stimulated T cells, suggesting that its effects may be cell-type specific. Y316 prevented the phosphorylation and activation o
