摘要
通过对柠檬的地面病叶和感病果实进行切片观察和组织分离培养 ,初步鉴定出引起柠檬黑星病的病原菌为球壳孢目球壳孢科茎点霉属真菌。病原菌主要以分生孢子世代在落叶上越冬 ,4月中、下旬开始飞散 ,5月中旬为飞散高峰期。分生孢子成熟后飞散到柠檬当年生叶片和果实上进行再侵染 ;有性世代的子囊孢子 6月初大量成熟并开始飞散。经过套袋试验弄清了柠檬黑星病病原菌的侵染时间为 5月中旬。在此基础上确定了最佳防治时间。在控制技术上 ,冬季清除果园地面枯枝落叶同时喷施高效低毒杀菌剂 ,降低果园内病原菌越冬数量。试验结果 ,施用柠檬专用肥料可增强柠檬对黑星病的抵抗能力 ,降低柠檬果实受害率 30 %左右 ;从 5月中旬开始每 15d一次用杀菌剂进行喷雾防治 ,每年防治 2～ 3次 ,防治效果可达 80 %以上。
A pathogen of black spot of citrus limon is primary identified by some observations and fungi cultivations of slices of ground infested leaves or fruits. The pathogen belongs to Phoma sp. and lives through the winter in conidiophores for generations. In the middle and end of April it starts to fly and reaches the highest peak in the middle of May. After the conidiophores matured they move to new-borne leaves or fruits of citrus limon to re-infest. The ascosphores of sex generation are matured and moved in a large quantity at the beginning of June. It is also recognized that the invading time of Phoma sp. is at the middle of May by a bagging trial and it also is the best time to control. As regard of controlling technologies, the clearness of ground dead branches and leaves, and the usage of some of high-effective and low toxin fungicides can reduce the quantity of winter generations in an apple orchard. A trial result has been got, that is a specialized fertilizer for citrus limon can increase the anti-disease capacity of trees and at the same time can reduce 30 percent of injury rate on fruits. Another controlling measure founded is to spry fungicide to crown one time every 15 days from the middle of May, two times each year, and the controlling effective rate can reach 80 percent or above.
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
2004年第2期153-156,共4页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
