摘要
为防御东北玉米低温冷害和霜冻害,在吉林东部开展了玉米地膜覆盖栽培试验,进行了农田小气候、玉米生长发育和产量对比观测。结果表明,地膜覆盖是防御冷害、霜冻的高效实用技术;该项技术使播种至营养生长期内耕层地温晴天提升3～5℃,阴、雨天气提升1～2℃;可增加积温180℃·d以上,从而使成熟期较相同品种的对照组提早半个月左右。使用该技术,能使作物提早成熟,防御冷害和霜害,可采用较常规播种的生育期长15d、所需积温多200℃·d左右的偏晚熟品种;产量和经济效益分别提高45%和40%左右,并可以提高玉米品质。
Cultivation test of corn using plastic mulching was developed by observation of farmland climate ,corn′s growth period and yield in the east area of Jilin Province for preventing the corns cooling and frost damage. The result shows that the plastic film mulching is a effective technique to prevent the cooling and frost damage. It can rise the soil temperature by 3～5℃ in fine day of the period from seeding to vegetative stage, and by 1～2℃ in cloudy and rainy day. The technique can increase the accumulated temperature by above 180℃·d, and the ripe time is about 15 days earlier than the contrast groups for same variety. By using the technique the corn variety which growth period is 15 d longer and accumulated temperature is 200℃·d more than the conventional variety can be used in the area. The yield and the economic benefit can be increased by about 45% and 40% respectively. The ripe time can be advanced, and the grain quality can be improved obviously.
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期133-137,共5页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关项目(20001BA509B15)
关键词
玉米
冷害和霜冻
防御技术
地膜覆盖
东北
corn
cooling injure and frost
defending technique
plastic mulching
Northeast China
