摘要
选取我国西北干旱区第 2大内陆河———黑河流域 ,对全流域地表水和地下水的水化学类型和水化学特征进行了系统分析。结果表明 ,黑河流域地表水中TDS (阴离子总量 )和主要离子含量沿流程均有不同程度的增加 ,但增幅不大。而地下水TDS从莺落峡出山后呈直线上升 ,下游TDS均大于 10 0 0mg/L ,主要离子含量增加明显 ,其变化特征与 TDS 基本一致 ;水化学成分和类型在空间上呈现出由上游向下游过渡变化的分带特征 :从上游山区、中游盆地到下游的尾闾盆地 ,河水的水化学特征依次为HCO3 -型、SO42 --HCO3 -型和Cl-型 ;山区和山前冲洪积扇中地下水为低矿化度的HCO3 -型水 ,中游盆地地下水矿化度升高 ,水化学类型为HCO3 -或HCO3 --SO42 -,下游盆地地下水矿化度进一步升高 ,水化学类型为Cl--SO42 -或Cl-;垂向变化上 ,由浅层到深层地下水矿化度降低 ,水化学类型变化不大 ,中游盆地主要为HCO3 -和HCO3 --SO42 -;下游盆地主要为Cl--SO42 -。
Located in the central part of the Hexi Corridor (37°45′～42°40′N, 97°42′～102°04′E), the Heihe River watershed is the second largest inland river watershed in the arid area of northwest China. This paper analyzes systematically the hydrochemical types and the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the different aquifers in the Heihe River watershed. The results show that the content of TDS and the main ions in surface water increases in varying degrees from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, but the increase amplitude is not so high; the content of TDS in groundwater, however, increases sharply downstream from the debouchure, it is higher than 1 000 mg/L in the lower reaches, the content of the main ions also increases obviously, and its change characteristics are basically the same with that of TDS. There are the zonal characteristics of the hydrochemical compositions and types from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. From the mountainous regions in the upper reaches to the middle and lower reaches, the hydrochemical types are in an order of HCO 3-, SO 4 2--HCO 3- and Cl-. Groundwater in the mountainous regions and the perimontane alluvial-diluvial fans is in HCO 3- type with a low mineralization, the mineralization of groundwater in the basins in the middle reaches increases, the hydrochemical type is HCO 3- or HCO 3- -SO 4 2-. The mineralization of groundwater in the basins in the lower reaches increases further; the hydrochemical type is Cl- -SO 4 2- or Cl-. The mineralization of groundwater decreases from the shallow aquifer to the deep aquifer, the change of hydrochemical types is not so obvious, that is the types of HCO 3- and HCO 3- -SO 4 2- are dominant in the middle reaches, and the type of Cl- -SO 4 2- is dominant in the lower reaches.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
2004年第1期1-6,共6页
Arid Zone Research
基金
国家自然科学基金重大计划项目 (90 10 2 0 0 3)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1-10 -0 3)
国家科技攻关项目(2 0 0 1BA90 1A42 )
关键词
水化学类型
离子含量
空间特征
黑河
水资源
hydrochemical type
ion content
spatial characteristic
Heihe River
