摘要
为明确不同性状土壤对小麦田重要的禾本科杂草节节麦Aegilops tauschi、多花黑麦草Alopecurus myosuroides和大穗看麦娘Lolium multiflorum出苗及生长的影响,在盆栽条件下研究了3种禾本科杂草对采自山东省不同区域的24份不同性状土壤的适应性。结果表明,节节麦适应性最强,在所有供试土样中均能正常出苗和生长,出苗率在64.2%~80.8%之间;多花黑麦草也有很强的适应性,在供试24份土样中出苗基本正常,出苗率均在90.1%以上,但有2份土样影响其后期生长的株高、鲜重等生长指标;大穗看麦娘的适应性略差,有4份土样明显影响其出苗,出苗率在32.5%~50.8%之间,在其它20份土样中出苗率均为70.0%左右,有11份土壤影响其生长期株高、鲜重、穗数或结实量。土壤性状中pH是影响杂草出苗及生长的最主要因素,pH小于6.0的强酸土壤和pH大于8.0的强碱土壤均对杂草生长会产生一定影响,另外,黏性土壤质地和高盐分土壤也对杂草生长有影响,其它土壤性状如氮含量、磷含量、钾含量、有机质含量和土壤类型对这3种禾本科杂草出苗及生长无影响。
To determine the effects of different soil types on the emergence and growth of three important gramineous weeds Aegilops tauschii,Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum in wheat fields,pot experiments were conducted to study their adaptability to 24 different types of soil.The results showed that A.tauschii had the strongest adaptability to all of the 24 types of soil with a seedling emergence rate of 64.2%-80.8%,and L.multiflorum had a strong adaptability to 24 kinds of soil with a seedling emergence rate of above 90.1%,but two kinds of soil affected its growth in plant height and fresh weight.The adaptability of A.myosuroides was the worst,as four types of soil obviously affected its emergence(32.5%-50.8%vs about 70.0%for the other 20 soils),and 11 types of soil influenced either its height,fresh weight,spike number or its seed yield.Moreover,the results demonstrated that the growth of grass weeds was affected by pH(strong acid less than 6.0 or strong alkali greater than 8.0),and soil texture and salt content of soil all affected the growth,but other five soil indicators including nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,organic matter content and soil type exhibited no effects.
作者
高兴祥
张悦丽
李美
房锋
李健
Gao Xingxiang;Zhang Yueli;Li Mei;Fang Feng;Li Jian(Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology,Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,Shandong Province,China)
出处
《植物保护学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期832-839,共8页
Journal of Plant Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200305)
山东省农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B11,CXGC2016A09)
关键词
节节麦
大穗看麦娘
多花黑麦草
土壤性状
适应性
Aegilops tauschii
Alopecurus myosuroides
Lolium multiflorum
soil type
adaptability
