摘要
在连续5a秸秆全量还田的免耕、旋耕、耙耕、深松和常规耕作试验地中,设置了除草和不除草处理,研究了其对杂草总密度、优势杂草种类、生物多样性指数和冬小麦产量的影响,并分析了杂草与小麦间的竞争关系。结果表明,麦田杂草主要有7种,分别是麦蒿(Descuminia sophia(L.)Webb ex Prantl)、荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medik)、燕麦(Avena sativaL.)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensisL.)、刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum(Willd.)Bieb.)、繁缕(Stellaria media(L.)Vill.)、麦家公(LithospermumarvenseL.)。在未除草条件下,免耕、深松的杂草总密度显著提高;而在除草条件下,杂草密度显著下降。免耕、深松、常规耕作在未除草条件下,优势杂草种类为麦蒿、荠菜,旋耕、耙耕条件下的优势杂草为麦蒿;而除草后各处理的优势杂草均只有麦蒿。耙耕、常规耕作措施在未除草条件下杂草群落具有较高的物种丰富度和均匀度。无论哪种耕作措施,除草能提高冬小麦产量,其中以深松耕作结合除草处理的小麦产量最高。在小麦抽穗期,未除草处理杂草株高接近或高于小麦株高,会造成杂草与小麦间的光竞争,对小麦的生长状况有显著影响,从而导致小麦产量降低。
Conservation tillage methods,including zero-tillage,rotary-tillage,harrow-tillage and subsoil-tillage,are widely used in Northern China because of their positive effects on soil fertility and water conservation-which provide greater economic benefits than conventional tillage.Tillage methods affect not only weed biodiversity and density but also crop growth.Reasonable control of weeds is an important guarantee for higher crop yield.However,the effects of the interactions between tillage methods and weeds on crop yields in Northern China are not clear.To investigate the effects of different soil tillage methods-with and without herbicide-on weed density,dominant weed species,and the yield of winter wheat,an experiment was conducted in 2008 to 2009 on a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system incorporating two crops a year.The wheat-summer maize cropping system is the main cropping system in the region.The experiment took place at the Agronomy Research Base of Shandong Agricultural University,as part of a long-term experiment begun in 2003.The Shannon diversity index,Shannon evenness index and a species richness index were used to investigate weed biodiversity.A split plot design was used incorporating five soil tillage methods： zero-tillage,rotary-tillage,harrow-tillage,subsoil-tillage,and conventional tillage.Seven weed species were recorded in the wheat crop： Descuminia sophia（L.） Webb ex Prantl,Capsella bursa-pastoris（L.） Medik,Avena sativa L.,Convolvulus arvensis L.,Cirsium setosum（Willd.） Bieb.,Stellaria media（L.） Vill.,and Lithospermum arvense L.Without herbicide,weed diversity under zero-tillage and subsoiling was significantly higher than under other tillage methods（LSD,P0.05）.With herbicide,weed diversity decreased significantly.Without herbicide,the dominant weed species in the no-tillage,subsoil-tillage and conventional tillage plots were Descuminia sophia（L.） Webb ex Prantl and Capsella bursa-pastoris（L.） Medik,while in the rotary-tillage and harrow-tillage plots the m
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期2768-2775,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD15B07,2007BAD89B09-9)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200803028,201103001)
2009年度大学生研究训练(SRT)计划(0901007)
