摘要
本文对汉语普通话中的时间理解问题提出了这样一种解释:体信息、词汇信息、状语信息、语用原则都会为解读时间定位做出贡献。在缺乏显性时间表征形式时,体视点和情状类型负责提供主要信息。最主要的也是默认的解读模式是指示型的。语用原则包括有界事件限制、解读简约性原则和时间图示原则。词汇信息和时间状语信息可以导出非默认解读。另外两种时间模式——叙述动态性和回指模式分别出现在话语模式为叙述型和描写型的文本中。本文首先展示合语法的表达形式的语义,然后对指示模式进行解释。根据Reichenbach(1947)的观点,对时间解读进行解释需要三类时间。普通话时间形式编码了特定的视角时间,即参照时间和情状时间之间的关系。这样的编码在书面语文本中通常是冗余的。它们同说话时间之间的关系则不一定通过语言形式编码,而可能通过上下文来传递。
This article presents an account of temporal understanding in Mandarin Chinese.Aspectual,lexical,and adverbial information and pragmatic principles all contribute to the interpretation of temporal location.Aspectual viewpoint and situation type give information in the absence of explicit temporal forms.The main,default pattern of interpretation is deictic.The pragmatic principles are the bounded event constraint,the simplicity principle of interpretation,and the temporal schema principle.Lexical and adverbial information can lead to non-default interpretations.Two other temporal patterns—narrative dynamism and anaphora—appear in text passages that realize the‘‘discourse modes’’of narrative and description.We state the semantic meaning of grammatical forms and explain the deictic pattern.Three times are needed to explain temporal interpretation,following Reichenbach(1947).Mandarin forms code the relation between a designated perspective time,or reference time,and situation time.These are typically marked redundantly in written texts.Relation to speech time is not coded linguistically,but conveyed by context.
出处
《语言学研究》
2019年第1期181-213,共33页
Linguistic Research
