摘要
人口剧增,土地面积锐减,人地矛盾尖锐,为了追求粮食高产,人们给土壤施加了施肥、灌溉、使用农药以及农膜等密集型技术、增加复种指数,土壤常年处于高负荷的密集型农业生产状态。针对密集型农业生产过程中人为强度干预,土壤机体受损、抗干扰能力下降、稳定性和自我调节能力变差,呈显著"疲劳"状态,肥料及灌水利用效益递减,威胁粮食安全和环境安全的实际,本文以我国粮食主产区、人为干预强度大且历史悠久、土壤抗疲劳能力较差的关中旱地农田土壤为基础,分析了现代密集型农业条件下土壤疲劳症状发生的原因、探索了土壤抗疲劳的内在机理、总结了土壤疲劳状态特征及其危害性,分析了土壤疲劳的防御与恢复措施。借鉴我国农业文明积淀的历史经验,揭示人为生产经营活动对土壤演化方向与过程的作用规律,提出改革不合理的土壤利用及管理措施,企图获得"替代"传统农业技术中能够维系土壤健康的"新技术与新产品",建立土壤健康、可持续利用的科学体系。
As population increase rapidly and land areas dropped sharply, it leads to the contradictions between human and land. In order to pursue of high grain production, people use many intensive technical measures, such as applying fertilizers, irrigation, pesticides and agricultural films, to augment the multiple crop index of soil. For this reason, the soil is always in a high load of intensive agriculture production status year by year. Aim at lots of objective reality, including human strength intervention in the process of the agriculture production, soil damaged and its anti-interference ability, stability and self-adjusting ability decline, and significant soil fatigue, benefits decrease of applying fertilizers and irrigation, threatening food safety and environmental safety, this project will take the semi-arid areas farmland soil, which is one of the major grain producing areas in china and suffered human strength intervention for a long history, and has a bad anti-fatigue capacity, as the study object to systematically analyze the reasons of soil fatigue symptoms and the inner mechanism of the soil antifatigue. Then, soil fatigue diagnosis index can be determined, and the evaluation method of soil fatigue also can be established to seek the defense and recovery measures of soil fatigue. Reference to the historical experience of Chinese agricultural civilization, this paper is going to reveal the effect laws of human production activities on soil evolutionary direction and process,and to reform unreasonable soil utilization and management measures,to get the 'new technology and products', which can 'replace' the traditional agricultural technology to hold soil health, and to set up a scientific system of soil resource health and sustainable utilization.
关键词
土壤疲劳
集约化农业
土壤退化
soil fatigue
intensive agriculture
soil degradation
