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动物批评:后人文时代文学批评新方法 被引量:4

Animal Studies in the West: A New Perspective of Literary Criticism in Posthumanist Era
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摘要 动物批评专指文学领域内的动物研究。进入21世纪,动物研究成为文学理论的六大发展趋势之一。动物批评主要涉及三个问题:首先,文学如何伦理地再现动物。具体而言,文学如何再现动物他者并赋予其声音?文学如何讲述在人类现有认知范式内所无法理解的动物他者的经验?如何书写动物他者的差异却不对其进行篡改?其次,如何阐释文学动物。在文学作品中,动物变成一种权力符码,铭刻上各种政治文化诉求,与性别、种族、殖民乃至阶级等政治问题交叉融合,衍生了后殖民动物、女性主义动物等研究亮点。最后,如何理解人性与动物性的关系。在后人文时代,人与动物、人性与动物性之间呈现包括'生成'在内的新型关系。此外,动物性对现代主体的冲击,动物性所包含的解放力量,都已成为动物批评实践中的研究话题。动物批评为文学研究提供了新的理论视野,但存在一些偏见、困惑与不足:比如,研究对象侧重男性、白人、经典作品,研究方法出现理论与实践的脱节,研究过程忽视了不同民族与文化的具体差异,等等。 The last decade saw the flourish of animal-studies in the field of humanities and social sciences. Animal-studies is an umbrella term including zoocriticism. Zoocriticism specializes in the study of literary animals and promotes animal ethics as well. This article attempts to sort out the main theoretical ideas and research approaches in zoocriticism from three aspects. Firstly, how to represent literary animals in an ethical way. Secondly,how to decode literary animals since animals have become the site of cultural and political appeal. Thirdly, how to interpret the relationship between humanity and animality in literature. Despite its achievements, zoocriticism, as a newly-developed literary theory in posthuman era, has problems and contradictories awaiting further consideration.
作者 刘彬 Liu Bin
出处 《文学理论前沿》 CSSCI 2018年第1期19-42,共24页 Frontiers of Literary Theory
基金 广东省哲社“十二五”规划项目“新维多利亚小说中动物与性别主题研究”[GD15XWW06]的阶段性成果
关键词 动物批评 动物再现 阐释文学动物 人性与动物性 zoocriticism representation of animal decoding literary animal humanity and animality
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  • 1彼得·辛格.实践伦理学[M].北京:东方出版社,2005.. 被引量:12
  • 2For discussion of "theory", see Jonathan Culler, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 1997, chapter 1. There now exists a new edition with a revised bibliography and new final chapter, "Ethics and Aesthetics", pub- lished in 2011. 被引量:1
  • 3For some discussions of the current situation of theory see Derek Attridge and Jane Elliott, eds. , Theory after Theory, Routledge, 2010. 被引量:1
  • 4Jonathan Culler, " ' Critical Paradigms' , Introduction to ' Literary Criticism for the 21st Century' ", in PMLA, vol. 125, No. 4, October 2010, and also the new final chapter of Culler, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford Universi- ty Press, revised edition, 2011. 被引量:1
  • 5See Vicki Hearne, Adam's Task, Knopf, 1986. For "being with animals", see Donna Haraway, When Species Meet, Minnesota, 2007. 被引量:1
  • 6Two general sources for the question are Matthew Carlaco, Zoographies : The Question of the Animal from Heidegger to Derrda, Columbia, 2008, and Zoontologies: The Question of the Animal, Cary Wolfe, ed. , Minnesota, 2003. 被引量:1
  • 7Laura Brown, Homeless Dogs and Melancholy Apes, Cornell, 2010. 被引量:1
  • 8Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U. S. and Beyond ( Harvard, 2001 ) is an important early example. Greg Garrard, Ecocriticism (Routledge, 2004) is a short, accessible introduction. 被引量:1
  • 9Patricia Yeager, "Sea Trash, Dark Pools, and the Tragedy of the Commons", in PMLA, vol. 125, No. 3, May 2010. 被引量:1
  • 10Donna Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto", in Simians, Cyborgs and Women, Routledge, 1991. 被引量:1

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