摘要
合理的氮磷钾用量配比能明显改善花生生长发育、提高产量和增加经济效益。为了明确潮土区高产夏花生施肥中氮磷钾最佳配比用量,通过大田试验,设置氮磷钾肥各4个梯度,研究不同肥料配比对夏花生产量、干物质累积量、氮磷钾养分吸收量以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:在氮磷钾肥4种梯度下,用量分别为N 120kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 90 kg/hm^2和K_2O 120 kg/hm^2时产量与经济效益最高,在试验基础上通过方程拟合得到最佳氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为126.2、95.8和137.6 kg/hm^2。花生干物质累积量在膨果期前增长加快,差异达到最大,膨果期后增长速率放缓。幼苗期至开花下针期为养分累积量的关键时期,此时对氮磷钾的需求量为氮>钾>磷。由养分累积量与干物质之间的关系得出花生对N、P_2O_5和K_2O 3种养分吸收比例为5.5∶1∶2.7;不同的氮磷钾肥配比下,花生的百千克籽粒养分吸收量是有差异的,合理的氮磷钾搭配下花生每形成100 kg荚果需要吸收氮、磷、钾养分量为4.82、0.79和2.57 kg。综上,潮土区高产夏播花生氮、磷、钾肥配比为126.2、95.8和137.6 kg/hm^2能够显著提高产量、养分吸收利用效率及经济效益。
The reasonable NPK ratio was significant to improve peanut’s growth and increase its yield and economic benefit.To ensure the best NPK ratio of high-yielding summer peanut in a fluvo-aquic soil,field trials with four gradients of NPK fertilizer were carried out to study the effects of different fertilizer ratio on yield,dry matter accumulation,NPK nutrient absorption and economic benefit.Results showed that the peanut yield and economic benefit reached the maximum when the dosages were N120 kg/hm2,P2O5 90 kg/hm2 and K2 O 120 kg/hm2,respectively.Furthermore,equation fitting based on the experimental data indicated that the optimized nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers amounts should be 126.2,95.8 and 137.6 kg/hm2.The dry matter accumulation accelerated increasingly before fruit swelling,but slowed down afterwards,causing the biggest accumulation difference in the fruit swelling period.The critical period of nutrient accumulation was from seedling to pegging stages when the peanut’s requirements was N>K>P.The relationship between nutrient absorption and dry matter showed the N∶P2O5∶K2 O absorption ratio was 5.5∶1∶2.7.The nutrient absorption ratio per 100 kg grain varied depending on NPK fertilizers ratio,and the nutrients peanuts needed to yield 100 kg pods were 4.82 kg N,0.79 kg P2O5 and2.57 kg K2 O under the reasonable ratio.Above all,the recommended N,P2O5 and K2 O application rate of summer peanut in a fluvo-aquic soil to improve yield,nutrient absorption and economic benefit was 126.2 kg/hm2,95.8 kg/hm2 and 137.6 kg/hm2,respectively.
作者
武庆慧
汪洋
赵亚南
李瑞珂
司玉坤
黄玉芳
叶优良
张福锁
WU Qing-hui;WANG Yang;ZHAO Ya-nan;LI Rui-ke;SI Yu-kun;HUANG Yu-fang;YE You-liang;ZHANG Fu-suo(China Agricultural University,College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Beijing 100094;College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期98-104,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
作物氮素需求与土壤
肥料供氮时空匹配规律(2017YFD0200100)
关键词
氮磷钾配比
潮土
夏花生
养分吸收
经济效益
NPK ratio
fluvo-aquic soil
summer peanut
nutrient absorption
economic benefits
