摘要
传统的政府农村发展项目一般采用由上而下的方法,在项目实施中常常导致农民被动的参与,在我们采用参与式方法的实践中,农民常常能主动参与到项目的实施中来。农民能主动参与的主要方法是采用由下而上的方法,使农民能够参与到项目决策中来。我们认为,由下而上与由上而下的结合,是农村发展项目决策的最好方法,需要寻找其适当的结合点。传统的农村发展项目常常忽视农民的意见和观点,使许多的项目不很成功,甚至因为农民的被动参与而失败。在农业试验站形成的农业技术在向其他地区农村推广时,需要根据当地的自然条件和结合农民的传统知识进行改进,也就是农业技术的“二次创新”。农业技术推广部门在农业技术的推广中需要有创新的观念,先进的农业技术的研究和推广,也是在农民的主动参与下,不断地发展和改进的过程。
Conventional government projects mostly conducted through top-down ways that could course the farmers passively involve. From our experiences that PRA is useful measure to encourage farmers to participate initiatively. The main reason for farmers initiative participating is letting farmers'self-decision making through bottle-up way. The best way is close combination of the requirement from both top and bottom, especially in the beginning of a project, that is important to find out the link points of the two ways. But mostly we ignore the farmers' ideas so that many projects were unsuccessful or failed. Technology from agricultural stations transferring to farmers' land still needs innovating by collecting with the local condition and farmers' knowledge. it is called 'second innovation'. The extension agencies could not copy a technology from one place to another place, where needs innovation. Agricultural technology innovation is through all lifetime of the technology through research and extension by farmers' initiative participating.
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2003年第5期59-62,共4页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国农业大学农村发展学院组织的以农民为中心的参与式研究网络管理的项目之一
