摘要
西方近代哲学将理性看做是人的本质。人在这种理解下成为超时空的、非历史的和去文化的空洞而抽象的存在。赫尔德认为,这种对人性的抽象理解是虚构的,无法真正说明现实人性的丰富性与具体性。在反思西方近代人性观的基础上,赫尔德开创了被以赛亚·伯林和查尔斯·泰勒概括为"表现主义"的人性新观念。这种新观念认为,人的本质不是先天给定的,而是在人实际生存的过程中,通过与外部世界的互动创造和形成起来的,并因此深深植根于他所生活的世界和所归属的文化。这种表现主义的人性观主要体现在赫尔德的语言哲学中,并以他的本体论和认识论为基础。
Modern Western philosophers regard rationality as the essence of man. On this understanding,man has become an empty and abstract existence,which is beyond time and space,non-hstorical and decultural. Herder believes that this abstract understanding of human nature is fictional and cannot really explain the richness and specificity of human nature in reality. On the basis of reflecting on this concept of human nature, Herder pioneered a new concept of human nature generalized as'Expressionism' by Isaiah Berlin and Charles Taylor. This new concept holds that the essence of human beings is not endowed by nature but created and formed through their interaction with the outside world in their existence and therefore is deeply rooted in the world they live in and the culture they belong to.This expressionist view of human nature is mainly embodied in Herder’s philosophy of language and is based on his ontology and epistemology.
出处
《思想战线》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期147-158,共12页
Thinking
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目"赫尔德文化哲学思想研究"阶段性成果(14CZX034)
贵州大学文科重点学科及特色学科重大项目"西方近代启蒙哲学研究"阶段性成果(GDZT201704)
关键词
赫尔德
表现主义
人性观
伯林
泰勒
Herder
Expressionism
humanity
Isaiah Berlin
Charles Taylor
