摘要
为了探明全球增温对我国小麦生长及根区土壤特性的影响。运用开顶式生长室(Open-top Chamber,OTC)的连续3年控制实验,监测和模拟了全球增温系统对小麦生长、土壤酶活性和呼吸的影响,对提高我国小麦的优质高产提供了基础支撑。结果表明:整个生长期内,小麦土壤湿度和温度均呈季节变化特征,其中在CK和OTC处理下,小麦土壤温度随着季节的变化呈先增加后降低趋势,相同时期土壤温度基本表现为OTC>CK;CK和OTC处理下小麦土壤湿度随着季节的变化呈相反的变化趋势,相同时期土壤湿度基本表现为OTC<CK,在返青期差距达到最大,差距达到最小。模拟增温显著增加了小麦根区土壤呼吸和土壤酶活性,随生长期的变化,CK和OTC处理下土壤脲酶、转化酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶和土壤呼吸呈先增加后降低趋势,相同时期土壤呼吸和土壤酶活性基本表现为OTC>CK,在小麦的整个生长期,CK和OTC处理下土壤呼吸和土壤酶活性分别与土壤温度呈显著的指数关系(p<0.05)。模拟增温显著增加了小麦生长特性,小麦生长特性各指标均表现为OTC>CK,其中小麦株高、叶面积指数和穗粒数均表现为OTC>CK(p<0.05),比叶重、R/S没有显著差异(p>0.05)。综合分析表明:模拟增温有利于小麦的生长和根区土壤酶活性和呼吸的提高。
In order to explore the effects of global warming on the growth of wheat and the root soil characteristics in China,we monitored and measured the the growth characteristics of wheat and soil enzyme activity and respiration in root area by using the open-top chamber(OTC)by three years,providing the basic data for improving the quality and the yield of wheat of China.The results are as follows:In the whole of the growing season,the soil temperature of OTC and CK first increased and the decreased with the seasonal change with the order of OTC<CK,while soil humidity of OTC and CK showed the opposite change trend with soil temperature with the order of OTC>CK.The difference reached the maximum in the rejuvenating period and reached the minimum in the mature period.The simulated temperature enhancement increased soil respiration and soil enzyme activity in root zone of the wheat during the growth period of wheat.Soil urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and sucrase and soil respiration showed increased at first and then decreased with the seasonal change.Soil enzymatic activities and soil respiration rate of OTC was greater than those of in the same growth period.In the whole growing season of wheat,soil respiration rate and soil enzyme activity had the significant exponential relationship with soil temperature,respectively(p<0.05).The simulated temperature enhancement increased the growth characteristics of wheat in the mature period of wheat.Wheat height,leaf area index and grain number per area of OTC were greater than those of CK(p<0.05).There were no significant differences in specific leaf weight and R/S(p>0.05).Thesimulated temperature enhancement is benefit to the growth of wheat,and improves soil enzyme activity and soil respiration in the root zone of wheat.
作者
高丽莉
李凤丹
GAO Lili;LI Fengdan(Department of Garden Engineering,Gansu Agriculture Technology College,Lanzhou 730020,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi′an 710127,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期359-363,371,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
甘肃省科技厅支撑项目“气候变化应对小麦适应性初探”(1506RJZA012)
关键词
增温
小麦
生长特征
土壤酶活性
土壤呼吸
temperature enhancement
wheat
growth characteristics
soil enzyme activity
soil respiration
