摘要
为研究底墒与施肥组合处理对冬小麦产量的影响,在黄土塬区王东沟小流域塬面农田开展田间试验。3个底墒水平土壤含水量比较高,其2 m土层相对含水量分别为72%,82%,94%;试验年份冬小麦生育期降水301 mm,超过多年平均值的39%。试验结果表明:不施肥时,产量因底墒不同差别较大,且底墒过高会造成产量与收获指数的下降,而施肥后冬小麦产量均显著提升,但底墒不同所致产量的差别减小;施肥可显著增加冬小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、株高,提高水分利用效率与降水利用效率,耗水量虽有增加,但产量提高的程度更大;在试验年份的降水条件下,高底墒会造成土壤水分的深层渗漏,下渗深度可超过5 m。
A field experiment was carried out in the Loess Tableland to study the effects of fertilization and soil water storage before sowing on the grain yield of winter wheat.The results showed that the soil water contents of the 3 types of soil water storage before sowing were relatively high,and the soil relative water contents of the 2 m soil layers were 72%,82%and 94%,respectively;the precipitation during wheat growth period was 301 mm in the experimental year,exceeding the average annual precipitation of 39%.The results also showed that the yield varied with the soil moisture contents significantly,the yield and harvest index decreased due to high water content when no fertilizer was used,and the nutrient input could significantly increase the yield of winter wheat and the yield was of little difference under different soil water contents;fertilization significantly increased the spike number,kernel number per spike,1000-grain weight and plant height of winter wheat,and could improve water utilization efficiency and precipitation utilization efficiency;fertilization increased water consumption of winter wheat,but the yield was improved significantly;under the condition of precipitation in the test year,the high soil moisture content could cause the deep leakage of soil moisture,the depth of water permeation was over 5 meters.
作者
李刚
王亚萍
李超
刘文兆
LI Gang;WANG Yaping;LI Chao;LIU Wenzhao(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期146-150,156,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大专项)(GYHY201506001)
国家自然科学基金(41571036)
关键词
冬小麦产量
高底墒
养分
耗水量
黄土塬区
winter wheat yield
high soil water storage before sowing
nutrient
water consumption
the Loess Tableland
