摘要
针对目前黄土高原雨养农业区为追求小麦高产而存在的过量施肥现象,以小麦长旱58为材料,采用大田试验方法,拟通过补水减肥措施探究不同氮水平下拔节期灌溉对小麦群体、产量和耗水特性的影响。试验设置了水氮二因素,氮设4个水平,分别施纯氮0kg/hm^2(N_(0))、60kg/hm^2(N_(60)),120kg/hm^2(N_(120)),180kg/hm^2(N_(180)),水分设两个水平,分别是拔节期灌溉30mm水和全生育期不灌溉(各氮水平下灌溉处理记为N_(0)W,N_(60)W,N_(120)W,N_(180)W,不灌溉处理记为N_(0),N_(60),N_(120),N_(180))。结果表明:拔节期灌溉显著提高了120kg/hm^2氮水平下的成熟期的亩穗数、产量和水分利用效率。在施氮120kg/hm^2时拔节期补灌30mm水产量达到5 100~6 100kg/hm^2,水分利用效率达到12~18kg/(hm^2·mm),较施氮120kg/hm^2处理分别提高了19%和22%,和施氮180kg/hm^2处理产量无显著差异。当施氮水平提高至180kg/hm^2时,拔节期灌溉对群体、产量和水分利用效率没有显著的增加。同时,拔节期灌溉导致了0kg/hm^2氮水平下小麦的早衰,即N_(0)W的生物量、产量、水分利用效率在灌溉后显著减小。说明通过少量补灌能够达到减肥增效的目的。综上,试验认为针对黄土高原地区施氮120kg/hm^2条件下拔节补灌30mm水是最优处理。
Excessive nitrogen（N）fertilizer application widely exists in winter wheat production in dryland area in order to get high yield.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application levels combined with supplemental irrigation on the population dynamics,dry matter accumulation,yield components and water consumption characteristic of winter wheat during two growth seasons（2015—2017）.A split plot experiment with two factors including two irrigation treatments（watering 30 mm at elongating stage and no watering）and four nitrogen fertilization application levels（0 kg/hm^2,60 kg/hm^2,120 kg/hm^2 and 180 kg/hm^2）was conducted.The results showed that dry matter accumulation and water consumption significantly increased with nitrogen application rates increasing from 0 to 120 kg/hm^2,but not increased from 120 to 180 kg/hm^2;supplemental irrigation at elongation stage increased the yield and spike number under treatment of 120 kg/hm^2,but it decreased under treatment of 0 kg/hm^2;compared with no irrigation,the irrigation increased the water use efficiency by 19%to 22%in the treatment of 180 kg/hm^2,and the yield have reached up to 5 100 to 6 100 kg/hm^2.These results indicated that supplemental irrigation at elongation stage could reduce nitrogen application in dryland.In summary,combination of application of 120 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen with irrigation at elongation stage was the best practice.
作者
殷修帅
王仕稳
邓西平
李雨霖
杨文稼
孙海妮
YIN Xiushuai;WANG Shiwen;DENG Xiping;LI Yulin;YANG Wenjia;SUN Haini(College of Life Sciences,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS ＆ MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期179-186,共8页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB150402)
国家自然科学基金(51479189)
关键词
冬小麦
施肥
补灌
产量
水分利用效率
winter wheat
fertilization
supplemental irrigation
yield
water use efficiency
