摘要
为信仰进行实用主义的辩护是西方文化中一个历史悠久的传统,早在一些希腊哲学家的著作中已出现这种观点的萌芽,它在基督教神学中发扬光大并发展为一种引人注目的思潮,这种思潮强调决策的理性,但也质疑理性的力量,在确定性不可能达到的信仰问题上,根据利益结果的权衡而强调理性和意志的服从。这种实用主义的思想被广泛地应用到基督教护教学中,帕斯卡尔赌注将这种为基督教信仰的合理性所进行的辩护模式推向了极致。帕斯卡尔引入了概率期望的数学并用清晰有效的逻辑结构将这种思想系统地表述出来,由此为这类辩护注入了新的活力。正是帕斯卡尔使得这一个论证进入了现代形式阶段,成为以后众多神学家、哲学家等研究的起点和模板,并成为多个领域中一个持续不断的讨论主题。
The pragmatic argument for the rationality of a belief has a long tradition in the western history.Some seeds of this thought can be found in Greek philosophers' works and develop as an important trend in Christian theology.The thought lays emphasis on the rationality of decision-making;however it also questions the power of rationality.In the case of theistic faith in which certainty cannot be achieved,the thought stresses the obedience of rationality and will on the basis of the result of utilities weighing.Such pragmatic thought was widely applied in the Christian apologetics.Pascal's wager is the most essential among the forms of such argument.Pascal endows this kind of argument with a valid logic structure and introduces a new mathematics by means of traditional apologetics and popular preaching.Thus the pragmatic argument for the rationality of belief has entered a modern period and becomes a subject to be discussed in many fields.
出处
《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期26-33,共8页
Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)
基金
上海高校一流学科(B类)建设计划上海师范大学"哲学"规划项目成果
国家社科基金重大项目(10&ZD063)
关键词
帕斯卡尔赌注
基督教信仰的实用主义辩护
概率期望
history of Pascal's Wager,pragmatic argument for the rationality of faith,rule of mathematical expectation
