摘要
东魏—隋朝时期的高僧灵裕在开皇九年开凿的安阳宝山大住圣窟外壁上雕刻一系列佛名和《略礼佛忏悔文》。这些刻经反映出一种与南朝众多礼忏文献不同的、在北朝两次灭佛和'末法'思想盛行背景下形成的北方礼忏系统。这一系统是在改造《观药王药上菩萨经》的六种佛名并融合《决定毗尼经》的《忏悔文》之后产生的。本文对比了《观药王药上菩萨经》、大住圣窟和三阶教的《七阶佛名》相关佛名的同异,比较了灵裕与三阶教创始人信行在宗教身份、地位、学养、对待权贵的态度等方面的巨大差异,并且联系到开皇二十年三阶教被隋文帝禁断的史实,认为:三阶教的《七阶佛名》是沿袭大住圣窟的《略礼佛忏悔文》并稍加改动的产物。河北曲阳八会寺和北京房山石经山雷音洞的刻经,在礼忏方面与大住圣窟属于同一系统。龙门石窟擂鼓台中洞具有礼忏功能,是太平公主与神都太平寺僧众开凿的。
The eminent monk Lingyu of the Eastern Wei and Sui Dynasties engraved a series of Buddha’s names and Luelifochanhui Wen(The Brief Scripture of Buddha Worship and Confession)on the outer wall of Dazhusheng Cave at Baoshan Mountain in Anyang built in the ninth year of Kaihuang Period.These Buddhist scriptures reflect the North system of Buddha worship and confession formed under the background of two suppressions of Buddhism and popularization of saddharma-vipralopa,which is different from most scriptures of Buddha worship and confession in the Southern Dynasty.This system has been formed after transforming six Buddha’s name of Guanyaowangyaoshangpusa Jing(Bhaisajyarajabhaisajyasamudgati sutra)and combining The Confession Scripture of Vinayaviniscaya-Upalipariprccha-sutra.This paper contrasts the related Buddha’s names in Guanyaowangyaoshangpusa Jing(Bhaisajyarajab-haisajyasamudgati sutra),Dazhusheng Cave and The Seven Levels of Buddha’s Name of Teaching of the Three Levels,compares Lingyu with the Founder of Teaching of the Three Levels Xinxing in religious identity,status,learning and cultivation,attitude towards aristocrats,and combines the history that the Teaching of the Three Levels was suppressed by Emperor Wen in the twentieth year of Kaihuang Period of the Sui Dynasty.The author believes that The Seven Levels of Buddha’s name is the result which following the Luel-ifochanhui Wen(The Brief Scripture of Buddha Worship and Confession)of Dazhusheng Cave with a little change.The Buddhist Scriptures from Bahuisi Temple in Quyang,Hebei and Leiyin Cave at Shijingshan Mountain of Fangshan in Beijing are belonged to the same system of Buddha worship and confession with Dazhusheng Cave.The Middle Leigutai Cave at Longmen Grottoes,which was built by Princess Taiping and monks from Taiping Temple of Luoyang,has the function of Buddha worship and confession.
作者
罗炤
Luo Zhao(World Religions Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)
出处
《石窟寺研究》
2010年第1期161-179,共19页
Studies of the Cave Temples
关键词
大住圣窟
礼忏
灵裕
信行
三阶教
七阶佛名
Dazhusheng Cave
Buddha worship and confession
Lingyu
Xinxing
Teaching of the Three Levels
the Seven Levels of Buddha’s name
fifteen thousand Buddha
the Middle Leigutai Cave
