摘要
The hydrogen economy is a clean, efficient, and sustainable energy system that delivers energy using hydrogen. Electrolyzers are used to generate hydrogen, and fuel cells consume hydrogen as a fuel. These devices rely on hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions. Catalysts are required to accelerate the reactions. Pt is the best hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction(HOR/HER) catalyst to date. However, the scarcity of Pt hinders its applications. Various processes have been developed to increase the catalyst activity in order to reduce the amount of Pt, or to develop non-precious metal catalysts to replace Pt. In this review, we focus on electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions. The reaction mechanism, factors influencing the catalyst activity, and the influence of the electrolyte(acid vs. base) are discussed. The recent advances in catalyst development, especially of non-precious metal catalysts, are also summarized. Due to the different reaction conditions and catalytic activities associated with the different electrolytes, the catalysts are classified into two categories: active in acid or in base.
氢经济以氢气作为能量载体,是一个清洁、高效、可持续发展的能源体系.电解池和燃料电池分别用于生产和消费氢气,分别发生氢气析出反应和氢气氧化反应.催化剂是加速这两个反应进程的关键.铂是目前最好的氢气析出和氢气氧化反应的催化剂,但是铂的稀有性阻碍了其实用化的进程.因此,开发更高活性的催化剂以减少铂用量,或开发非贵金属催化剂替代铂成为了目前研究的重点.本综述针对氢气析出与氢气氧化反应,讨论了反应的机制、影响催化剂活性的因素以及电解质(酸性、碱性)对催化过程的影响,并按照酸性条件适用和碱性条件适用总结了近年来在氢气析出与氢气氧化反应催化剂开发方面的进展.
基金
supported by the State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology(oic-201503003)
