摘要
Nano-biotechnology provides highly efficient and versatile strategies to improve the diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficiency of serious diseases.The development of new biomaterial systems provides great opportunities for the successful clinical translation of nano-biotechnology for personalized biomedicine to benefit patients.As a new inorganic material system,mesoporous carbon biomaterials(MCBs) combine the merits of a mesoporous nanostructure and carbonaceous composition,showing superior qualities compared with traditional mesoporous silica and other carbon-based nanosystems,such as graphene,carbon nanotubes,and fullerene.Thus,this review focuses on the rational design,chemical synthesis,and biomedical applications of MCBs.The synthetic strategies for MCBs,especially mesoporous carbon nanoparticles(MCNs),are summarized,and several representative biomedical applications of MCBs are discussed in detail.MCBs perform well for on-demand drug-release,photothermal therapy,synergistic therapy,fluorescent labeling of cancer cells,bio-adsorption of in vivo toxic pathogenic substances,peptide separation,and biosensing.The preliminary biosafety issue of MCBs is also briefly discussed.Finally,the critical issues and challenges facing the future development of MCBs for clinical translation are considered.There is great promise for MCBs to reach clinical translations for biomedical applications based on their unique nanostructure,composition,and biocompatibility once some critical issues are fully addressed.
纳米生物技术为重大疾病的精确诊断和高效治疗提供了全新、高效和多样化的途径.新型生物材料体系的开发是实现纳米生物技术临床转化、病人个人化治疗、从而造福病人的关键要素之一.作为新的无机材料体系,介孔碳生物材料(MCBs)结合了介孔纳米结构和碳组成的优点,与介孔氧化硅和碳基纳米材料(如石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯)相比,在生物医学领域展现出更多的优点.这篇综述重点阐述了MCBs的设计、化学合成以及在生物医学领域中的应用进展.论文首先总结了MCBs,特别是介孔碳纳米颗粒(MCNs)的制备方法.随后详细地综述了MCBs在可控药物释放、光热治疗、协同治疗、荧光细胞标记、人体有毒物质的生物吸附、肽分离和生物传感中的应用.在此基础上,初步讨论了MCBs的生物安全性.由于MCBs具有特殊的纳米结构、化学组成和良好的生物相容性,一旦目前MCBs面临的几个难题得到圆满解决,我们有理由相信其在不久的将来会实现临床转化和应用.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51302293 and 51132009)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(13ZR1463500)
Shanghai Rising-Star Program(14QA1404100)
Youth Scholar of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures(SKL201203)
