摘要
为探讨施氮对黄土高原半湿润地区冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响,通过田间长期定位试验,设置0 kg·hm-2(N0)、100 kg·hm-2(N100)、200 kg·hm-2(N200)、300 kg·hm-2(N300)和400 kg·hm-2(N400)5个施氮水平,比较分析了不同处理间冬小麦不同生育时期0~200 cm土层土壤剖面水分动态变化及产量和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,与未施氮(N0)处理相比较,施氮处理的冬小麦籽粒产量、籽粒产量水分利用效率、干物质量和干物质量水分利用效率均显著增加,而各生育时期土壤水分含量降低。两年的冬小麦耗水量和籽粒产量均表现为N100、N200>N0>N300、N400;籽粒产量水分利用效率和干物质量水分利用效率均呈增加趋势,但N200与N300及N300与N400处理间差异不显著。综合来看,在本试验条件下,施氮200 kg·hm-2时冬小麦既能高产,也可高效利用土壤水分。
Nitrogen fertilizer has been broadly applied in agriculture practice for a long term.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in the Loess Plateau of China were studied in two years.The nitrogen fertilizer application were set at four different levels,e.g.100 kg·hm-2(N100),200 kg·hm-2(N200),300 kg·hm-2(N300),and 400 kg·hm-2(N400),in the long-term field experiments,and 0 kg·hm-2(N0)was set as control.Soil water content and water use efficiency in 0~200 cm soil profile at different growth stages of winter wheat were analyzed.Results showed that grain yield,dry matter weight and water use efficiency(per unit grain yield and dry matter weight)of winter wheat under nitrogen application treatments(N100,N200,N300,and N400)were significantly larger than those of control(N0),while soil water content under all nitrogen treatments were comparatively less during each growth stage.Water consumption and yield under N100 and N200 treatments were consistently larger than those under N0 in the two experimental years,while N300 and N400 treatments showed less water consumption and lower yield,compared to N0.Furthermore,compared to N0,all nitrogen application treatments showed increased water use efficiency,either in‘per unit grain yield’or in‘per unit dry matter weight’,but both of them under N300 treatment had no significant difference with those under N200 and N400 treatments.In a conclusion,the treatment of N200 was found as an optimal nitrogen application scheme in semi-humid area of the Loess Plateau,regarding its comprehensive performance in yield and water use efficiency.
作者
朱云鹏
王霖
党亚爱
王国栋
ZHU Yunpeng;WANG Lin;DANG Ya’ai;WANG Guodong(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期988-993,共6页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室资助项目(A314021402-1605)
陕西省自然科学基金项目(2015JQ4107)
关键词
氮肥
冬小麦
产量
水分利用效率
Nitrogen fertilizer
Winter wheat
Yield
Water use efficiency
