摘要
会审公廨谳员是清政府在上海租界最重要的常设官僚,兼具司法和行政职能,既与外国陪审会同审理民刑诉讼,又参与租界华人治理。谳员周旋于上海道台、知县、外国陪审和租界当局之间,其事功与起落折射出华洋权力格局的变化。鉴于他们的职衔低微权限不足,加之会审章程并不完备,谳员既要成为华洋当局之间的缓冲带,又要维护清政府在租界的法权,绝非易事。总之,谳员缺乏固定的品秩和行政资源,无力从制度层面制衡西人的擅权,进退失据之中难以维护国权,此乃租界沦为国中之国的重要原因之一。
As the most important permanent bureaucrats of Qing government in the Shanghai foreign settlements,the magistrates(yanyuan)of mixed courts had both judicial and administrative functions.They not only tried civil and criminal cases,but also participated in the governance of Chinese habitants in the foreign settlements.Magistrates worked among the Chinese officials in Shanghai,foreign authorities in the settlements,and the foreign consuls.Their careers well reflected the sino-foreign relations.The low rank,inadequate judicial power and the incompleteness of joint judicial regulations prevented the magistrates from playing active roles.They could neither alleviate the conflicts between the Chinese and foreign authorities,nor defend the Qing sovereignty.This was one of the important reasons why the Shanghai foreign settlements became'the State within a State'.
出处
《历史教学问题》
CSSCI
2019年第4期57-66,139,共11页
History Research And Teaching
基金
上海市浦江人才计划(18PJC054)
上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题(2018ELS003)资助
