摘要
通过大化集团废弃地重金属污染状况及其优势植物体内元素分布的研究,探索重金属污染对植物的影响,并筛选超富集植物。采集5块样地的植物与土壤,利用ICP-OES检测土壤与植物中元素的含量与分布。土壤pH在7.71～8.43之间,呈弱碱性,有机质含量3.91～9.07 g/kg之间,低于土壤肥力3级水平。5块样地的Zn、As、Cd均超标5倍以上,个别样地还有Pb超标;11种植物中Cu均超标;合成氨厂的何首乌和向日葵中As超标,可见土壤重金属污染对植物的元素分布产生影响。刺藜中Cr、Cu、As及Cd的转移系数均居11种植物之首,其次是龙葵和葎草;但所有植物的重金属富集系数均小于1。虽未筛选到超富集植物但也可以看出刺藜、龙葵和葎草的富集和转移重金属能力较强。大化集团废弃地的Cd-As-Zn的复合污染严重,对生长的植物造成了不同程度的重金属污染。为修复该地污染的土壤,建议引入Cd、Zn、As的超富集植物蜈蚣草和东南景天,并配合当地生长的耐性植物刺藜、龙葵、葎草,构建复合生态屏障。
To explore the effects of heavy metal pollution on plants and screen potential Hyperaccumulators,the study analyzed pollution level in soil and elemental distribution in plants.The samples of plant and rhizosphere soil were collected from five plots.The distribution and content of elements in samples were detected by ICP-OES.Results show that pH of soil is between 7.71~8.43,which appears weakly alkaline.The content of organic matter is between 3.91~9.07 g kg-1,which is below the soil fertility level 3.The contents of Zn,As,Cd in 5 plots are 5 times higher than the national standard,and the content of Pb is exceeding in individual plots.The content of Cu exceeds in 11 plants.The content of As in Fallopia adans and Helianthus annuus from Ammonia plant exceed the standard.Thus,heavy metal pollution has an great effect on plant growth and the distribution of elements.Enrichment coefficients(BCF)of all plants are below 1.Though hyperaccumulation plants aren’t found,it’s obvious that the ability of transfer and enrichment heavy metal of Chenopodium aristatum,Solanum nigrum and Humulus japonicusl are stronger than others.In short,the Cd-As-Zn compound contaminated was serious after the relocation of Dahua Group,which caused heavy metal pollution in plants.In order to restore the polluted soil,cutellaria sessilifolia Hemsl and Sedum alfredii Hance which are the Hyperaccumulator of Zn,As,Cd could be introduced and construct complex ecological barrier with Chenopodium aristatum,Solanum nigrum and Humulus japonicusl.
作者
宋腾蛟
杨远强
徐红梅
倪方方
袁小凤
Song Tengjiao;Yang Yuanqiang;Xu Hongmei;Ni Fangfang;Yuan Xiaofeng(Zhejiang Chinese Medical University College of Life Science,Hangzhou 310053,China;Beijing Construction Engineering Group,Beijing 100055,China;Zhejiang Chinese Medical University College of Basic Medicine,Hangzhou 310053,China)
出处
《科技通报》
2019年第4期215-221,228,共8页
Bulletin of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81872951)
浙江省自然基金项目(LY16H280006)
浙江省重中之重一级学科-中药学开放基金课题(Yao2016006)
关键词
重金属
植物元素
土壤重金属污染
超富集植物
ICP-OES
heavy metal
elements of plants
heavy metal contamination of soils
hyperaccumulation plants
ICP-OES
