摘要
对湖北省 13个柑桔主产县市 111个有代表性柑桔园生产情况和养分管理现状的调查结果表明 ,施用氮、磷、钾肥 (包括化肥和有机肥 )样本比例分别为 91 9%、86 5 %和 6 8 5 % ,其中有机肥施用比例仅占 4 5 0 %。氮 (N)、磷 (P2 O5)、钾 (K2 O)平均施用量分别为 0 38、0 18和 0 13kg/株 ,其中由化肥提供的氮、磷、钾分别占总投入的 78 9%、72 2 %和 6 1 5 %。施用的N∶P2 O5∶K2 O比例为 1 0 0∶0 4 7∶0 34,化肥中三要素比例为 1 0 0∶0 4 3∶0 2 7。施肥明显提高柑桔果实产量 ,施用氮、磷、钾肥的柑桔园比未施的柑桔园增产 5 8 2 %、3 4 %和 4 9 0 % ,其中施用有机肥比未施有机肥增产 2 8 9% ,化肥中的单项养分氮、磷、钾肥施用分别提高产量 4 6 5 %、1 2 %和 5 8 3%。每千克养分增产量的顺序为 :K2 O 6 5 3kg >N30 5kg >P2 O55 5kg。叶面施肥也是增加柑桔产量的重要措施 ,湖北省柑桔园喷施磷酸二氢钾样本比例为 35 3% ,尿素为 2 3 5 % ,硼肥和锌肥分别为 19 6 %和 13 7%。湖北省柑桔主产区在柑桔养分管理上存在的主要问题是 :不同产区和不同柑桔园的养分投入差距很大 ,极不均衡 ;总体而言 ,N、P、K养分施用量不足 ,有机肥施用的比例太低 ,绝对施用量也偏小 ,N、P、K养分比例不协调 ,尤其?
An investigation of orange production and nutrients management on citrus was carried out in Hubei Province,one of the main citrus growth area in China,including 111 citrus orchards distributed in 13 counties It was showed that 91 9%,86 5% and 68 5% orchards was applied N,P and K fertilizer both in organic and/or inorganic fertilizer,and only 45 0% citrus was applied organic manure The average of N,P and K application rates (per tree and one year) were 0 38 kg N,0 18kg P 2O 5 and 0 13 kg K 2O,respectively Inorganic resource N,P and K account for 78 9%?72 2% and 61 5% N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O application ratio was 1∶0 47∶0 34 and inorganic fertilizer N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O ratio was 1∶0 43∶0 27 The result indicated that fertilizer application considerably increased orange yield Compared with the yield without nutrient application,N,P and K fertilization raised fruit yield by 58 2%,3 4% and 49 0% The nutrients application efficiency of N,P and K was 65 3 kg fruit per kg K 2O,and 30 5 kg fruit per kg N and 5 5 kg fruit per kg P 2O 5,respectively The investigation also demonstrated that foliar spray was a good measure for citrus nutrients management The percentage of KH 2PO 4,Urea,B and Zn spray was 35 3%,23 5%,19 6% and 13 7%,respectively The problems in citrus nutrients management were displayed as follow:(1)The difference of nutrients application rate was large in different areas and different orchards (2)Generally speaking,the nutrients application rate was low (3)The nutrients rate from organic manure was low and the percentage was small (4)The ratio of N∶P∶K was unbalanced especially K was too low (5)The nutrients distribution in different time was unsuitable especially in fruit expanding stage the nutrients application was too small In the end of the paper some suggestions were gave for citrus nutrients management
出处
《湖北农业科学》
北大核心
2003年第2期50-53,共4页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖北省重点科研项目
加拿大钾磷肥研究所 (PPI/PPIC)资助
关键词
湖北
柑桔
养分管理
施肥问题
Hubei
citrus
nutrition management
problem of fertilization
