摘要
以洱源县郑家庄为例,运用全覆盖式问卷调查、参与式农村评估及景观格局分析等方法,对多民族共生区农户的生计及土地利用状况进行分析。得出以下结论:(1)各族农户生计的非农与兼业化程度均较高,汉、白等原驻民族的农为主型农户比例最高,藏族等迁入民族的非农型农户比重最大。(2)汉、白等原驻民族农户及农为主、非农为主型农户的生计多样性较高,组合较为合理;各族农户间的生计多样化指数差异较小而不同生计类型农户间的差异悬殊。(3)不同民族农户土地利用的型式与程度存在差异,藏族等迁入民族农户拥有、流转耕地面积及宅基地的用地规模、利用程度均整体高于汉、白等原驻民族,但耕地利用的集约度及宅基地内部不同类型用地分配的均匀度与组合的多样性相对较低。(4)农户生计的非农与多样化影响其土地利用的规模、效率及形态组合,整体而言,农户生计的非农程度与其耕地流出面积、宅基地利用的规模、程度及内部不同类型用地分配的均匀度呈正比,而与其耕地租入面积、利用的集约度及宅基地内部不同类型用地组合的多样性呈反比。
Taking Zhengjiazhuang village in Eryuan county as an example, by means of full coverage questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal, landscape pattern analysis and other methods, this research analysed the livelihood and land use status of peasant households in multi-ethnic symbiosis area. Results show that: 1) The non-agricultural and concurrent occupation level of peasant households’ livelihood in all ethnic groups are relatively high, based on the income combinations, the peasant households can be classified into 4 types, which are pure agriculture, agriculture-dependent,non-farming-dependent and non-agriculture, the proportion of agriculture-dependent households is the highest in original ethnic groups(like han and baiethnicity), while in out-moving ethnic groups(like tibetan and so on), the proportion of non-agriculture households is the highest. 2) For the original ethnic groups(like han and baiethnicity) and agriculturedependent versus non-farming-dependent households, the livelihood diversity index is relatively high, the combination of livelihood is more reasonable; Difference of livelihood diversity index among peasant households of different ethnic groups is small, while the difference between livelihood types of peasant households vary greatly. 3) There are differences in type and degree of land use among peasant households from different ethnic, generally, compared with the original ethnic groups(like han and bai), peasant households from the out-moving ethnic groups(like tibetan) own and transfer more cultivated land, have greater scale and use degree of homestead, but the degree of intensive use of cultivated land and the evenness of distribution versus the diversity of combinations of different types of land within the homestead are relatively low. 4) The non-agriculture and diversification of peasant households’ livelihood affect the scale, efficiency and morphological combination of land use, on the whole, the non-agricultural degree of peasant households’ livelihood is proportiona
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期183-190,共8页
Economic Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA041)
国家自然科学基金项目(41261044、41601179、41761031、41461037)
云南省哲学社会科学创新培育团队项目(2014cxp02)
2017年云南省博士研究生学术新人奖项目
关键词
农户生计
非农与兼业化程度
土地利用流转
耕地与宅基地
多民族共生区
云南省
peasant households’ livelihood
non-agricultural and concurrent occupation level
land use and transfer
cultivated land and homestead
multi-ethnic symbiosis area
Yunnan Province
