摘要
现实生活中一些个体往往习惯性重复做出不道德行为。基于心理学角度可以从道德推脱、利己辩护、双重评价以及记忆弱化等机制理解上述现象。个体利用道德推脱使得道德认知和道德自省暂时失去约束、判断和调控当下不道德行为的力量,免除个体因认识到不道德行为违背道德标准而带来的心理冲突或压力。利己辩护有事前和事后两种途径,主要关联不道德行为发生之前以及不道德行为未被发现之后,个体出于道德自律引发的道德失调。当个体无法推脱或辩护自己不道德行为时,为了可以继续不道德行为又保持积极的自我形象,就会启动双重评价,转移外界对自己不道德行为的关注。记忆弱化表现为对不道德行为的主动遗忘或者是自动淡化,个体放弃记忆可能唤起消极情绪的行为情景和具体细节,也排斥记忆可能威胁自我概念一致性的行为线索和详细内容。
Some individuals are accustomed to doing immoral things in real life. From the perspective of psychology, the reasons for the above can be generalized into moral disengagement, self-serving justifications, double-evaluation mechanism, memory fading, etc. Moral disengagement causes individual’s moral cognition and moral self-reflection out of action in restraining, judging and regulating the current immoral behaviors, and relieves individuals from psychological conflicts or pressures arising from perceiving violation of moral standards. self-serving justifications is divided into pre-violation justifications and post-violation justifications. This mainly refers to the moral disorder of an individual caused by moral self-discipline before the immoral behavior occurs and after the immoral behavior is not discovered. When an individual is unable to shirk or defend himself/herself from immoral behaviors, in order to continue unethical behavior and maintain a positive self-image, a double-evaluation mechanism is enabled to distract others’ attention to such immoral behaviors. Memory fading means that an individual actively forgets or lets immoral behavior automatically fade, giving up the memory which may evoke negative scenes of conduct and concrete details, and excluding the memory which may cause threat to behavioral clues and details of self-concept congruency.
作者
伍麟
白仲琪
Wu Lin;Bai Zhongqi(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130032;Department of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)
出处
《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期184-192,共9页
Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大研究专项"加强社会心理服务体系建设研究"(18VZL009)
关键词
不道德行为
道德推脱
利己辩护
双重评价
记忆弱化
immoral behavior
moral disengagement
self-serving justifications
double-evaluation mechanism
memory fading
