摘要
东汉时期流行起来的“举计吏”一语,将上计与察举相联系,为观察东汉上计事务与贡献秩序的关系及其意义提供了视点。细考史料所见郡国上计案例,可知上计与察举的前途相似,但当时并未将计吏设为正式的察举科目。与西汉相比,东汉上计对计吏的能力要求不再突出,计吏与长官的亲厚程度及其才学声望等成为更重要的因素,其人选也转向高级郡吏与布衣名士,并被赋予了地方“人才”的色彩。进而,郡国不再将上计之事推托给小吏,而是主动推荐计吏。加上察举诸生“与计偕”规定的长期执行及东汉贡献礼仪的日益完备,上计与察举在事务与观念上逐渐合流,最终,计吏被纳为“贡士”之选,统合贡献秩序中,彰显郡国对朝廷的属从关系,象征王朝国家对全国上下人、事、物全面的掌控。
During the Eastern Han period,the practice of recommending jili(计吏,lower level officials or clerks responsible for statistical reports to superiors administrations)to the central court became popular.It is note worthy that how this practice connected to the existing recommendatory system called chaju(察举).Recommendation of jili was actually similar to chaju except that it was less formal.In comparison with the Western Han Dynasty,ability of jili was no longer considered prominent in the Eastern Han Dynasty,while the personal connection of jili with their superiors and their reputation of knowledge became more important.Accordingly,the senior prefectural clerks and well-known commoners obtained more chances.Further,the prefectures became active in the recommendation affairs,rather than left it to the low level clerks.Eventually,the practice of recommending jili formally merged into the chaju system,which was an indication of the unified control of the court over all affairs throughout the country.
作者
曹天江
Cao Tianjiang(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China.)
出处
《古代文明（中英文）》
2025年第1期94-105,M0006,共13页
The Journal of Ancient Civilizations
基金
古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“中国文书简的理论研究与体系构建”(项目批号:G1424)的阶段性成果。
关键词
上计
贡士
贡献秩序
举计吏
察举
Shangji
Recommended Scholar to the Court
recommendatory system
recommendation of jili
chaju
