摘要
统筹推进生态环境损害赔偿对于健全生态环境治理体系,深化生态文明体制改革具有重要的推动作用。当前,以“公法权利,私法操作”为核心理念的生态环境损害赔偿制度本质上是一种私法治理模式下的制度设计,其混淆了宪法学意义上的自然资源国家所有权与民法学意义上的自然资源国家所有权,无法完全满足生态环境损害治理的现实需要。为了确保生态环境损害问题得到及时且有效的治理,政府必须承担更为关键的角色,生态环境损害治理迫切需要公法治理模式的补强。在行政主导的公法治理模式中,环境行政代履行以行为义务不变与履行方式转化为功能定位,契合生态环境损害有效治理与及时治理的双重目标。环境行政代履行应当立足生态环境损害的特殊性,遵循行政权的运行规律,从适用范围、代履行主体的确定、过程控制、权利保障等方面构建具体的内部规则体系。此外,对于生态环境损害无法确定责任人的情形,行政机关应当运用公共财政资金承担兜底性责任,随着科技的进步,一旦责任人在法律上得以明确,之前垫付的公共财政资金应由责任人偿还;对于生态环境损害无法修复的情形,行政机关应当积极运用行政权开展替代性修复工作。
Coordinated advancement of ecological environment damage compensation plays an important role in improving the ecological environment governance system and deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system.Currently,the ecological environment damage compensation system,which is centered on“public law rights,private law operations,”is essentially a system design under a private law governance model.However,it confuses the concept of state ownership of natural resources in the constitutional sense with that in the civil law sense,failing to fully meet the practical needs of ecological environment damage governance.To ensure timely and effective governance of ecological environment damage issues,the government must play a more critical role,and ecological environment damage governance urgently needs the strengthening of a public law governance model.Under the administrative leading public law governance model,the environmental administration’s performance is transformed into functional positioning with the unchanged obligations and performance methods,which fits the dual goals of effective governance and timely governance of ecological environmental damage.Looking forward to the future,the performance of environmental administrative agencies should be based on the particularity of ecological environmental damage,and follow the laws of administrative power as the follow-up rules of administrative power.It is constructed from the aspects of the scope of application,the determination of the subject,the process control,and the protection of rights.In addition,in cases where the person responsible for ecological damage cannot be determined,administrative agencies should bear the fallback responsibility using public financial funds.With the advancement of technology,once the person responsible is legally clarified,the public financial funds previously advanced should be repaid by the responsible party.For cases where ecological damage cannot be restored,administrative agencies should actively use their admi
作者
范伟
FAN Wei(School of Juris Master,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期101-111,共11页
Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD138)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(24CXTD10)。
关键词
生态环境损害
公法治理模式
行政代履行
生态环境修复
ecological environment damage
public law governance mode
administrative agent performance
ecological environment restoration
