摘要
应急预案是指导应急处置的核心。在实际过程中,预案文本存在冗长或过简、可操作性差等常见问题,弱化了预案作为行动指导的作用。为了更好地提升专业人员开展应急处置的效率,基于处置流程,研究提出了应急工作手册的设计准则及内容框架,采用问卷调查和对比试验的方法评估了应急工作手册的有效性。结果显示,应急工作手册在创新性、可操作性、全面性、适用性、易懂性等5项指标中,获得了99.48%以上的正面评价。在处置效率评估方面,相比于传统预案,应急工作手册可减少使用者大量的低效行为,在事件类型研判、确定响应等级和启动首个处置程序等3个环节中,使用者总平均用时由110.2 s缩减为25.2 s,降低了77.16%。应急工作手册的引导作用显著,可作为应急预案的重要补充,指导各类突发事件的应对工作。
To enhance the efficiency of emergency response by professionals,we propose a guideline and framework for an emergency operations manual rooted in the core processes of emergency planning.The manual features a modular page design,with each module dedicated to a specific operational process.A visual approach is employed to facilitate guidance through critical processes such as incident reporting,information dissemination,emergency response,and post-incident management.In terms of content,the manual has been optimized using the Incident Command System(ICS)series of resource management forms,seamlessly integrating record-keeping and archiving functionalities.It employs a card-scheduling method for open and flexible management and deployment of emergency resources.The effectiveness of the emergency operations manual was assessed through surveys and comparative experiments.The results indicated that the manual received exceptionally positive feedback in five key areas:innovation,operability,comprehensiveness,applicability,and understandability.Experts rated the manual highly,achieving a positive feedback rate of 99.48%.In quantitative assessments,the manual averaged 94.46 points across these five characteristics,which aligns closely with the qualitative analysis.In the efficiency assessment,comparative trial results revealed that the time difference in incident type analysis between Group A and Group B was not significant,with both groups functioning within a range of 38 s.However,during the incident level assessment,Group A averaged 15.6 s,while Group B took an average of 54.8 s.The disparity in response procedure initiation times was even more pronounced,with Group A averaging 5.1 seconds compared to Group B s 49.1 s.In the subsequent two stages,members of Group B without professional backgrounds took significantly longer than their counterparts with professional backgrounds,while this difference was not evident in Group A.In contrast to traditional emergency plans,the manual utilizes visual aids such as symbols,lab
作者
孔胜利
陈文龙
郭文旭
王鹤天
KONG Shengli;CHEN Wenlong;GUO Wenxu;WANG Hetian(School of Urban Construction and Safety Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;Shanghai Jiading District Fire Rescue Detachment,Shanghai 201821,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期4799-4807,共9页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
上海应用技术大学中青年教师科技人才发展基金项目(ZQ2022-8)。
关键词
公共安全
应急预案
处置流程
应急工作手册
public safety
emergency plan
disposal process
emergency operations manual
