摘要
我国气候变化诉讼的路径选择目前存在基于人权的气候变化诉讼、生态环境损害赔偿诉讼和环境公益诉讼三种主要思路,何者为最佳,学术界莫衷一是。然而,无论采取何种路径,气候利益保障始终是气候变化诉讼的根本,全面认识气候利益的本质及特性是气候变化诉讼路径选择的破解之道。审视当前气候系统,其高敏感性、影响广泛性等特征决定了气候利益的公共性、复合性、脆弱性属性突出,理应予以特殊保护。环境公益诉讼与之相契合,其以气候利益为保护对象,尊重私主体对环境公益保护的参与权,兼顾环境公益与私益,兼具损害救济与风险预防功能,更宜成为气候变化诉讼的理想路径。据此,基于预防性环境公益诉讼的实践基础,可以将气候利益界定、气候变化风险评估以及环境公益诉讼制度设计相融合,从风险预防视角出发,进一步优化气候变化诉讼。
At present,there are three main approaches to climate change litigation in our country:climate change litigation based on human rights,ecological environmental damage compensation litigation and environmental public interest litigation.However,no matter what path is taken,the protection of climate interests is always the fundamental of climate change litigation,and a comprehensive understanding of the nature and characteristics of climate interests is the solution to climate change litigation path selection.Examining the current climate system,the characteristics of its high sensitivity and extensive impact determine the public nature,compound nature and vulnerability of climate benefits,which should be given special protection.Environmental public interest litigation is in line with this.It takes climate interests as the object of protection,respects the right of private subjects to participate in environmental public interest protection,takes into account both environmental public interest and private interests,and has the functions of damage relief and risk prevention.It should be an ideal path for climate change litigation.Therefore,based on the practical basis of preventive environmental public interest litigation,the definition of climate interests can be integrated with climate change risk assessment and the design of environmental public interest litigation system,and climate change litigation can be further optimized from the perspective of risk prevention.
作者
张丹
ZHANG Dan(Center for Jurisprudence Research/Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
出处
《甘肃理论学刊》
2024年第6期91-98,共8页
Gansu Theory Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“推进新时期中国特色社会主义法学学术体系构建研究”(22JJD820001)的阶段性成果。
关键词
气候变化诉讼
气候利益
环境公益诉讼
风险预防
climate change litigation
climate interests
environmental public interest litigation
risk prevention
