摘要
核反应堆、乏燃料后处理厂运行过程中会产生各种含氚轻水,其中的氚若直接排放到环境中将会造成环境污染,影响人类健康。联合电解催化交换(combined electrolysis and catalytic exchange,CECE)技术能有效去除含氚轻水中的氚,减少环境中的氚排放。该技术主要由液相催化交换技术、水电解制氢技术和氢氧合成技术3大核心技术组成,具有除氚因子大、操作条件温和等优点,在国际上一直是研究热点。该文介绍了CECE 3个核心技术的研究现状和发展方向,同时针对含氚轻水除氚技术的工程应用难点提出了未来的研究方向。
[Significance] In nuclear reactors and spent fuel reprocessing plants,the production of tritiated light water is unavoidable,amounting to thousands of tons annually.The direct discharge of this byproduct into the environment poses significant ecological risks.Consequently,strict tritium emission standards have been established worldwide,propelling the development of detritiation technologies.Among these,combined electrolysis and catalytic exchange(CECE) technology stands out because of its high detritiation factor and mild operating conditions,positioning it as a focal point in global research.This study explores the current state of CECE technology,highlights the three key technologies that underpin it,and addresses the challenges faced in its engineering application,thereby promoting its practical implementation.[Progress] CECE technology comprises liquid-phase catalytic exchange(LPCE),electrolysis,and hydrogen-oxygen recombination processes.LPCE technology is instrumental in the operation of CECE technology.The LPCE column,a critical component,operates on complicated principles,and its efficiency is influenced by various factors such as temperature,pressure,and packing material.Research conducted over the years has shed light on the effect of these elements on the performance of LPCE columns.Electrolysis technology serves as the bottom reflux mechanism within the CECE,with alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane(PEM) electrolyzers as the main devices.Alkaline electrolyzers,characterized by their limited liquid inventory,good tritium radiation resistance,and high operational stability,are widely regarded as mature technologies.Efforts are currently being directed toward increasing gas production capabilities.PEM electrolyzers represent a new area of development.Compared to alkaline electrolyzers,their notable advantage lies in the absence of alkaline electrolytes.However,their susceptibility to tritium poses significant challenges to their widespread application.Hydrogen-oxygen recombination technol
作者
王学彬
吴栋
尹玉国
刘亚明
阮皓
WANG Xuebin;WU Dong;YIN Yuguo;LIU Yaming;RUAN Hao(Department of Nuclear Technology and Application,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)
出处
《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期2031-2044,共14页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
关键词
联合电解催化交换
除氚
疏水催化剂
电解
氢氧合成
combined electrolysis and catalytic exchange
detritiation
hydrophobic catalyst
electrolysis
hydrogen-oxygen recombination
