摘要
目的了解河南省洛阳市市售谷物中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量以及污染状况,并评估居民经谷物摄入4种重金属的暴露风险。方法2020年8—11月在洛阳市辖区15个县(市、区)的农贸市场、个体商店、大型超市随机采集301份谷物,参照2020年《国家食品污染和有害风险监测工作手册》食品中多元素分析的标准操作程序进行铅、镉、汞、砷含量的检测和复测,根据《河南统计年鉴(2021)》中2020年洛阳市谷物类食品消费数据,采用单因子污染指数法Pi和内梅罗综合指数法P_综评价市售谷物中4种重金属的污染现况,用暴露边界比(MOE)法进行铅暴露评估,安全限值(MOS)进行镉、汞、砷的暴露评估。结果洛阳市市售谷物中4种重金属的检出率依次为镉85.0%、铅71.1%、砷38.9%、汞24.6%,铅、镉、砷、汞含量中位数分别为0.017、0.011、0.004、0.003 mg/kg,不同类别谷物中铅、镉、砷的检出率和含量均有统计学差异(检出率:χ^(2)_(铅)=7.323、χ^(2)_(镉)=25.799、χ^(2)_(砷)=9.422,P均<0.05;含量:χ^(2)_(铅)=14.462、χ^(2)_(镉)=76.021、χ^(2)_(砷)=29.917,P均<0.05)。301份样品整体合格率99.7%,均在安全、清洁范围内。从Pi来看,不同种类谷物中主要污染元素不同:小麦及其制品中Pi最高为镉(0.192),而大米和其他谷物及其制品中为汞(0.178、0.192);同种元素在不同谷物中的污染程度不同:铅和镉对小麦及其制品(P_铅=0.159,P_镉=0.192)、砷对大米的污染(0.116)超过其他种类谷物;不同暴露水平下元素对样品的污染影响程度有差异:高暴露水平下铅对小麦及其制品和大米的污染程度(占比42.0%、32.8%)比平均暴露水平(占比29.7%、28.4%)更突出。不同种类谷物中农村4种元素的平均暴露量均高于城市。铅平均MOE和镉、汞、砷平均MOS均>1。结论2020年洛阳市市售谷物中铅、镉、汞、砷污染程度较低,本地居民通过市售谷物摄入重金属的暴露风险可被�
Objective To understand the levels and contamination status of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),Mercury(Hg)and arsenic(As)in cereal grains for sale in Luoyang,and assess the exposure risk of residents to the four heavy metals through cereal grains.Methods From August to November 2020,301 samples of cereal grains sold were randomly collected from agricultural markets,individual stores,and large supermarkets in 15 counties(cities,districts)of Luoyang City.The determination and re determination of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in 301 samples were completed with reference to the standard operating procedures for multi-element analysis in food in the 2020 National Work Manual for Monitoring Food Contamination and Harmful Risks;based on the cereal consumption data in Luoyang in 2020 from Henan Statistical Yearbook(2021),and using single-factor contamination index(Pi)and Nemerow comprehensive index(Pc),the contamination status of the four heavy metals in commercial cereal grains was assessed;the exposure boundary ratio(MOE)method was used to assess Pb exposure,and the safety limit(MOS)method was used to assess Cd,Hg and As exposure.Results The detection rate of Cd was highest(85.0%),followed by Pb(71.1%),As(38.9%)and Hg(24.6%)in cereal grains sold in Luoyang,the medians of Pb,Cd,As and Hg contents were 0.017,0.011,0.004 and 0.003 mg/kg,respectively.The differences in the detection rates and contents of Pb,Cd,and As among different kinds of cereal grains were statistically significant(Detection rates:χ^(2)_(Pb)=7.323,χ^(2)_(Cd)=25.799,χ^(2)_(As)=9.422,all P<0.05;Contents:χ^(2)_(Pb)=14.462,χ^(2)_(Cd)=76.021,χ^(2)_(As)=29.917,all P<0.05).The overall qualified rate of 301 samples was 99.7%.All of them were in the safe and clean range.In terms of Pi,the main contamination element was different in different cereal grains:it was Cd that had the highest Pi for(0.192)in wheat and its products,and mercury(0.178,0.192)in rice and other grains and their products.The contamination degree of the same element in different grains was different:Pb and Cd c
作者
常晓歌
韩琳
符晓蒙
龚进国
安辰飞
CHANG Xiaoge;HAN Lin;FU Xiaomeng;GONG Jinguo;AN Chenfei(Luoyang Center for Disease Control and prevention,Luoyang,Henan 471000,China;Xin'an County Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Zunyi Medical University)
出处
《现代疾病预防控制》
2024年第11期838-842,共5页
MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
关键词
市售谷物
铅镉汞砷
污染状况
暴露风险评估
Marketing cereal grains
Lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic
Pollution status
Exposure risk assessment
