摘要
词性转换是指一种词性的语言形式通过添加标记编码为另一词性的语言形式。此前在语言学界较广为人知的是Croft的词性模型以及词性转换理论,他通过语义类别和语用功能的二维模型解释了有关语义不变型词性转换的一些现象。本文结合实际语料论证:(一)Croft所列举的六类词性转换构式中部分归类存在错误。语义不变型的转换过程存在于“动/形转名”“名/动转形”四类情况中,而不存在语义不变的“转动”。(二)所谓的语义不变型转换中不变的语义类别都是命题。此类现象的本质是将多个命题压缩在一个句子中高效地传递信息,而通过选择不同的命题作为起点充当句子核心,属于不同信息封装的手段。(三)Croft所列举的横向维度中指称与述谓的本质是言语行为,通常由名词短语和动词短语表达,而非动词与名词本身。修饰则更适合看作一种句法概念,将其与指称、述谓并置是不合适的。
Part-of-speech changing stands for the process where adding markers to a word of one part of speech produces a linguistic form of another part of speech.There is much discussion on whether meaning-preserving changing exists.Beforehand,a widely known part-of-speech model and its summary theory is that of Croft’s.On the basis of a two-dimensional space spanned by semantic classes and pragmatic functions,he studied a number of related phenomena.In analyzing real data,we point out that:(1)Croft made mistakes on deciding whether specific constructions are meaning-preserving or meaning-changing ones.Whereas there are indeed meaning-preserving processes in two nominalization and two adjectivization processes,there is no meaning-preserving verbalization.(2)The semantic class of meaning-preserving part-of-speech changing devices is indeed propositions.The main function of such structure is to express several propositions in one sentence and to convey information efficiently.Thus,picking different propositions as the head of the sentence reveals different strategies of information packaging.(3)On the horizontal dimension given by Croft,reference and predication are in essence speech acts,realized by noun phrases and verb phrases rather than lexical nouns and verbs,whereas modification is a syntactic notion,which is inappropriate to be put by the side of the previous two.
作者
叶子
YE Zi(School of Foreign Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《常熟理工学院学报》
2024年第6期42-52,共11页
Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“现代汉语口语省略现象计量研究”(20CYY030)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20240559)。
