摘要
目的探讨老年人随增龄发生的步态特征改变。方法横断面研究。2023年2月至2023年8月于北京市社区采用方便抽样方法调查60岁以上老年人, 收集一般特征资料、人体测量数据, 利用可穿戴步态分析仪采集研究对象常速行走状况下的步态参数。比较不同年龄分组人群的基本特征、体质状况及步态参数特征, 采用线性回归分析, 以60~69岁组为基线标准, 评估体质状况及步态参数随年龄的变化规律。结果共纳入670名老年人, 60~69岁324人(48.4%), 70~79岁285名(42.5%), 80~90岁61名(9.1%)。线性回归分析显示调整混杂因素后, 随着增龄, 体质状况指标肌肉量指数(SMI)(β=-0.018, 95%CI:-0.029~-0.007)、小腿围(β=-0.096, 95%CI:-0.142~-0.051)、上肢柔韧度(β=-0.200, 95%CI:-0.355~-0.046)、下肢柔韧度(β=-0.244, 95%CI:-0.377~-0.111)、握力(β=-0.397, 95%CI:-0.491~-0.303)、简易躯体能力测试(SPPB)(β=-0.080, 95%CI:-0.100~-0.060)均下降(P<0.05);步态参数步速(β=-0.010, 95%CI:-0.014~-0.007)、步频(β=-0.398, 95%CI:-0.634~-0.162)、步长/身高(β=-0.002, 95%CI:-0.003~-0.002)、步幅(β=-0.009, 95%CI:-0.011~-0.007)、大腿摆动功(β=-0.009, 95%CI:-0.012~-0.006)、地面冲击力(β=-0.020, 95%CI:-0.026~-0.014)、足落地控制(β=-0.050, 95%CI:-0.064~-0.036)、脚离地角度(β=-0.545, 95%CI:-0.714~-0.377)均下降(P<0.05), 而跨步时间(β=0.005, 95%CI:0.001~0.009)、单脚支撑时间(β=1.566, 95%CI:0.499~2.633)、双脚支撑末期时间(β=0.609, 95%CI:0.084~1.134)、摆动时间(β=1.288, 95%CI:0.024~2.552)、单步时间(β=2.417, 95%CI:0.462~4.372)、支撑相时间(β=1.935, 95%CI:0.421~3.449)均增加(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人常速行走的步态特征随增龄发生改变, 年龄越大, 步态性能越差。
Objective To investigate age-related characteristics of gait parameters in the elderly.Methods From February 2023 to August 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to investigate the elderly over 60 years old in communities in Beijing.General characteristics and anthropometric data were collected.Gait parameters of the subjects during normal speed walking were measured using a wearable gait analyzer.Comparisons were made of the basic characteristics,physical status and gait parameters in different age groups.Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the changes of physical status and gait parameters with age,with the 60-69-year-old group as the baseline standard.Results A total of 670 elderly people were included,including 324(48.4%)aged 60-69 years,285(42.5%)aged 70-79 years,and 61(9.1%)aged≥80 years.Linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,with increasing age,skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)(β=-0.018,95%CI:-0.029~-0.007),calf circumference(β=-0.096,95%CI:-0.142~-0.051),upper limb flexibility(β=-0.200,95%,95%CI:-0.355~-0.046),lower limb flexibility(β=-0.244,95%CI:-0.377~-0.111),grip strength(β=-0.397,95%CI:-0.491~-0.303),the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)(β=-0.080,95%CI:-0.100~-0.060)decreased(P<0.05),and the gait parameter such as speed(β=-0.010,95%CI:-0.014~-0.007),cadence(β=-0.398,95%CI:-0.634~-0.162),step length/height(β=-0.002,95%CI:-0.003~-0.002),stride length(β=-0.009,95%CI:-0.011~-0.007),swing power(β=-0.009,95%CI:-0.012~-0.006),ground impact(β=-0.020,95%CI:-0.026~-0.014),foot fall(β=-0.050,95%CI:-0.064~-0.036),pre-swing angle(β=-0.545,95%CI:-0.714~-0.377)all decreased(P<0.05),while stride time(β=0.005,95%CI:0.001-0.009),single limb support time(β=1.566,95%CI:0.499-2.633),terminal double limb support time(β=0.609,95%CI:0.084-1.134),swing duration(β=1.288,95%CI:0.024-2.552),single step time(β=2.417,95%CI:0.462-4.372)and support phase time(β=1.935,95%CI:0.421-3.449)all increased(P<0.05).Conclusions The walking ability tends to de
作者
沈姞
亢玉婷
李宏宇
庞婧
张洁
张驰
孟雪
范国庆
施红
Shen Ji;Kang Yuting;Li Hongyu;Pang Jing;Zhang Jie;Zhang Chi;Meng Xue;Fan Guoqing;Shi Hong(Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Scientific Research,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics,Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,National Health Commission,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China)
出处
《中华老年医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期1468-1474,共7页
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
基金
国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2021YFE0111800)
中央高水平医院临床科研业务费(BJ-2022-149、BJ-2022-183、BJ-2022-133)。
关键词
老年人
步态
常速行走
增龄性特征
可穿戴设备
Older adults
Gait
1Normal speed walking
Age-related characteristics
Wearable devices
