摘要
目的针对多品种小批量生产车间存在的设备布局不合理、材料库存高、物流线长等问题,提出对原布局方案的优化,而传统的SLP方法直接应用于现代企业的设备布局存在缺乏动态柔性、缺乏人员和产品的移动路线分析过程、运算过程有一定的复杂性且受主动因素影响较大等问题。方法以某电冰箱装配生产车间为例,采用系统布置设计(SLP)方法对车间布局进行初步规划,根据规划结果,采用物料搬运系统分析(SHA)方法并结合集合理论知识,以物料分析、物料搬移分析为主要内容,对车间生产所涉及的物料分配暂存区,从而获得两种布局优化方案;基于Witness仿真软件对上述两种布局方案建立相应的仿真模型对其优化效果进行验证,分析在两种布局方案下车间的生产物流现状从而筛选出最优布局方案。结果结果表明,优化后的方案与原车间布局方案相比,总的加工时间节约了167.3 min,物料搬运总距离缩短了14.2%,搬运设备利用率明显提高,生产效率明显提升。结论采用优化后的布局方案,能够解决多品种小批量的生产车间设备布局问题,降低物料搬运成本,同时也能给其他制造型企业进行厂房新建、改建提供一定的借鉴和参考意义。
Objective In view of problems such as unreasonable equipment layout,high material inventory,and long logistics lines in multi-variety small batch production workshops,this study proposed an optimization of the original layout scheme.The traditional systematic layout planning(SLP)method,directly applied to the equipment layout of modern enterprises,lacks dynamic flexibility,lacks analysis of personnel and product movement routes,has a certain complexity in the calculation process,and is greatly influenced by subjective factors.Methods Taking a refrigerator assembly production workshop as an example,the systematic layout planning(SLP)method was used to conduct initial planning of the workshop layout.Then,according to the planning results,the material system handling analysis(SHA)method was adopted and combined with the set theory knowledge,with material analysis and material movement analysis as the main content,the temporary storage area of the materials involved in the workshop production was allocated,so as to obtain two layout optimization schemes.Based on the Witness simulation software,corresponding simulation models were established for the two layout schemes to verify their optimization effects,analyze the production logistics status of the workshop under the two layout schemes,and select the optimal layout scheme.Results The results show that compared with the original workshop layout scheme,the optimized scheme saved a total processing time of 167.3 minutes,reduced the total distance for material handling by 14.2%,significantly improved the utilization rate of handling equipment,and markedly increased production efficiency.Conclusion By adopting the optimized layout scheme,the equipment layout problems in multi-variety small batch production workshops can be addressed,material handling costs can be reduced,and it can also provide certain references for other manufacturing enterprises in factory construction or reconstruction.
作者
罗灯兰
周俊
李奥
LUO Denglan;ZHOU Jun;LI Ao(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering and Science,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《重庆工商大学学报（自然科学版）》
2024年第6期107-113,共7页
Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University:Natural Science Edition
