摘要
随着体育腐败和操纵比赛丑闻的不断曝光,如何通过刑法规制操纵体育比赛行为,已在学术界和实务界引发广泛讨论。操纵体育比赛是指对体育比赛施加不正当影响,可分为直接操纵和间接操纵。直接操纵包括运动员踢“假球”或裁判员吹“黑哨”等,依据现行刑法不构成诈骗罪,也不构成其他犯罪。间接操纵指通过给予财物等手段影响直接操纵者从而间接影响比赛,收受财物的裁判员、运动员和教练员等不具有国家工作人员身份,相关行为可以构成《刑法》第163条与第164条非国家工作人员贿赂犯罪。立法增设“操纵体育比赛罪”以处罚直接操纵行为,既缺乏应罚性维度上的入罪正当性,也不符合需罚性维度上的入罪必要性。现有的“体育法—刑法”双层规制框架已足以有效规制直接与间接操纵体育比赛行为。根据我国发展现状,体育领域应致力于构建和完善内部治理机制,刑法应通过间接调整的方式,推动体育领域实现健康、可持续的自治发展。
With the continuous exposure of sports corruption and match-fixing scandals,how to regulate the manipulation of sports competitions through criminal law has sparked widespread discussion in both academic and practical circles.Manipulation of sports competitions refers to exerting undue influence on sporting events,which can be divided into direct and indirect manipulation.Direct manipulation includes actions such as the"game throwing"of athletes or the"corrupt officiating"of referees,which under the current criminal law do not constitute the crime of fraud or another crime.Indirect manipulation refers to indirectly affecting the outcome of the competition as a result of influencing direct manipulators by offering bribes or other means,and those referees,athletes and coaches who have not the status of state personnel may constitutes the crimes of bribery involving nonstate personnel under Articles 163 and 164 of the Criminal Law.The proposal to introduce a new crime of"manipulating sports competitions"to punish acts of direct manipulation lacks the justification for criminalization from the dimension of punishability and fails to meet the requirements of the necessity for criminalization from the dimension of necessity of punishment.The existing dual-layer regulatory framework of the"Sports Law—Criminal Law"in China is sufficient to effectively regulate both direct and indirect manipulation of sports competitions.According to current situation of development of China,focus should be put on building and improving the internal governance mechanisms in the field of sports,while criminal law should be adopted to promote the healthy and sustainable self-regulation and development of the sports sector by way of indirect regulat ion.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第11期68-82,共15页
Political Science and Law
基金
中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助(资助编号:2023M731898)的研究成果。
关键词
操纵比赛
假球
黑哨
非国家工作人员贿赂犯罪
体育刑法
Manipulating Sports Competitions
match-fixing
biased officiating
Crimes of Bribery Involving Non-state Personnel
Sports-related Criminal Law
