摘要
【目的】在华北平原典型潮土区,研究长期不同施肥措施对土壤全量与有效态铁、锰、锌、铜含量,以及小麦微量元素吸收的影响,为实现农田地力提升与作物高产优质提供理论依据。【方法】长期定位施肥试验位于河南省郑州市,始于1990年,已连续进行了31年。种植制度为冬小麦-夏玉米轮作。选取不施肥(CK),氮钾化肥(NK),氮磷钾化肥(NPK),氮磷钾化肥+秸秆还田(NPKS),氮磷钾化肥+有机肥(NPKM)5种施肥处理,分析每年土壤样品中全量与有效态铁、锰、锌、铜含量,以及作物秸秆与籽粒中相应微量元素含量。【结果】连续施肥31年后,各施肥处理土壤全量铁、锰含量与试验前无显著差异,全量锌、铜含量较试验前显著增加;NPKM处理土壤全量铁、锰、锌、铜含量均高于其它施肥处理。与CK相比,NPKM、NPKS与NPK处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量与阳离子交换量,降低了土壤pH值,有利于土壤中微量元素向有效态转化。NPKM与NPKS处理下土壤有效态铁、锰、锌含量显著高于其它施肥处理。NPK处理下土壤有效铁含量分别比CK和NK处理提高52%与49%;有效锰含量分别比CK和NK处理提高39%与11%。NPKM、NPKS与NPK处理下小麦地上部铁、锰、锌、铜吸收量与各微量元素收获指数显著高于CK与NK处理。但增产对籽粒中微量元素的稀释效应导致NPK、NPKS与NPKM处理下籽粒微量元素含量显著降低,其中铁、锌含量分别为推荐量下限的71%~74%、60%~63%。【结论】化肥与秸秆或有机肥配施有利于提高土壤微量元素的有效性。土壤全量与有效态微量元素含量的提高可促进小麦对微量元素的吸收,但增产对小麦籽粒中微量元素的稀释效应导致小麦籽粒中的铁、锌含量显著低于推荐量的下限。因此,在培肥潮土地力、提高作物产量的同时,也要考虑优化施肥策略或筛选适宜品种,以提高小麦籽粒中铁、锌含量,消除铁、�
【Objectives】The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil total and available iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu) contents,as well as the absorption of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu by wheat were investigated,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of farmland fertility and high yield and good quality of crops in fluvo-aquic soil area of North China Plain.【Methods】The long-term fertilization experiment,located in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,had lasted 31 years,and the cropping system was winter wheat and summer maize rotation.Five fertilization treatments were included:no fertilization(CK),nitrogen and potash fertilizer(NK),nitrogen,phosphorous and potash fertilizer(NPK),NPK combined with maize straw(NPKS),NPK combined with organic manure(NPKM).The contents of total and available Fe,Mn,Zn,and Cu were analyzed using the soil samples collected since the beginning,and the micronutrient contents of wheat grains and straw in 2019 and 2021 were analyzed.【Results】After 31 years of fertilization,the soil total Fe and Mn contents under all the treatments were not significantly different from those at the beginning.Comparing with the initial value,the soil total Zn and Cu contents increased significantly;NPKM treatment was measured the highest soil total Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu contents.Compared with CK treatment,NPK,NPKS,and NPKM treatments significantly increased soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity,reduced soil pH,which was conducive to the transformation of soil trace elements into available forms.NPKM and NPKS treatments were tested relatively higher soil available Fe,Mn,and Zn contents.And NPK treatment was measured 52% and 49% higher available Fe,and 39% and 11% higher available Mn than CK and NK treatments,respectively.Compared with CK and NK treatment,NPKM,NPKS,and NPK treatments significantly increased trace elements uptake in wheat shoots and the trace elements harvest index,but decreased grain trace element content as the dilution effect of grain yields,the Fe and Zn contents in
作者
丁世杰
郭斗斗
张水清
宋晓
张珂珂
郭腾飞
岳克
黄绍敏
周囯勤
DING Shi-jie;GUO Dou-dou;ZHANG Shui-qing;SONG Xiao;ZHANG Ke-ke;GUO Teng-fei;YUE Ke;HUANG Shao-min;ZHOU Guo-qin(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002 China;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期1858-1871,共14页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100503)
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(TD12)
河南现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G4)。
关键词
长期定位试验
施肥模式
潮土
小麦
微量元素
long-term location experiment
fertilization pattern
fluvoaquic soil
wheat
trace elements
