摘要
时间资本化是资本主义时间剥削的核心,以劳动力商品化和劳动时间最大化为基点。资本主义进阶为数字资本主义,从“工厂”向“数字”的形态变构使其时间剥削呈现新态势,表现为时间剥削对象从“工厂劳众”转向“普罗数众”,数字劳动塑造出数字产消者,全面溶解并吸纳数字产消时间;剥削机制从“工时戒律”转向“数字雇佣”,数字技术展现对数字劳动时间强大的规训权力,必要劳动时间与剩余劳动时间界限日趋消解;剥削内容从“机器枷锁”转向“数字豢养”,数字资本制作数字景观致幻数众对自由时间的认知;剥削走向从“剥削”进化为“剥夺”,数字资本主义让“无产阶级”降格为“无用阶级”,加剧“智能机器”对无产阶级生命时间的汲取。对此,数字社会主义要实现对数字资本主义的超越,须着力提高数字生产力和服务力,强化数字资本的制度规约,以人本逻辑超越资本逻辑,维护好数字劳动者的时间权益,同时加强大众思想引领教育,助其明晰自由时间的本质,打破技术拜物教和景观拜物教的束缚。
The capitalization of time is the core of capitalist time exploitation,which is based on the commodification of la⁃bor and the maximization of labor time.Capitalism has advanced into digital capitalism,and the transformation from"factories"to"numbers"has led to a new trend of time exploitation.This is manifested in the shift of time exploitation objects from"factory laborers"to"ordinary people".Digital labor shapes digital producers and consumers,fully dissolving and absorbing digital pro⁃duction and consumption time.The exploitation mechanism has shifted from the"rule of working hours"to"digital employment",and digital technology has demonstrated its powerful regulatory power over digital labor time.The boundary between necessary la⁃bor time and surplus labor time is increasingly blurred.The content of exploitation has shifted from"machine shackles"to"digi⁃tal breeding",and the production of digital landscapes by digital capital has led to the illusion of many people's understanding of free time.The trend of exploitation has evolved from"exploitation"to"deprivation",and digital capitalism has downgraded the"proletariat"to a"useless class",intensifying the"intelligent machines"'absorption of the proletariat's life time.In order to sur⁃pass digital capitalism,digital socialism must focus on improving digital productivity and service capabilities,strengthening the institutional norms of digital capital,transcending capital logic with humanistic logic,safeguarding the time rights and interests of digital workers,and strengthening mass ideological guidance and education to help them clarify the essence of free time and break the shackles of technological fetishism and landscape fetishism.
作者
邓观鹏
顾友仁
Deng Guan-peng;Gu You-ren
出处
《经济学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第11期34-42,共9页
Economist
基金
安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目青年项目“新时代主流意识形态情感认同研究”(AHSKQ2023D065)。
关键词
数字资本主义
时间剥削
数字劳动
数字景观
无用阶级
Digital Capitalism
Time Exploitation
Digital Labor
Digital Landscape
Useless Class
