摘要
镉资源复杂多样,镉电解沉积系统中通常含有诸多杂质金属,如铜、锌、铁、镍等。本文通过系统的实验研究,考察了Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Fe^(2+)及Zn^(2+)的反应行为及对镉电沉积过程电流效率、阴极镉的纯度和形貌的影响,进一步确定了Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Fe^(2+)及Zn^(2+)的最低影响浓度。结果表明,Cu^(2+)浓度低于1 mg/L时,对镉电沉积几乎没有影响;而Ni^(2+)浓度即使达到2.5 g/L,产生的影响也微乎其微;Fe^(2+)浓度高于20 mg/L就会引起电流效率降低;Zn^(2+)浓度控制在1.5 g/L以下时,对电沉积的影响较小。根据电化学分析和微观形貌表征,Cu^(2+)会优先沉积与镉形成化合物,Fe^(2+)的氧化还原会导致电流效率下降和单位电耗上升;除镍之外,Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+)及Zn^(2+)均会影响阴极镉的形貌。研究结果进一步完善了复杂溶液中镉电解沉积的基础理论。
With the complexity and diversity of cadmium resources,cadmium electrowinning systems usually contain many impurity metals,such as copper,zinc,iron,and nickel.In this paper,through systematic experimental research,the reaction behavior of Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Zn^(2+)and their effects on the current efficiency,purity,and morphology of cathodic cadmium during the electrowinning process were investigated.Furthermore,the minimum influencing concentrations of Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Zn^(2+)were determined.The results show that Cu^(2+)has almost no effect on cadmium electrodeposition when its concentration is below 1 mg/L,while even at a concentration of 2.5 g/L,Ni^(2+)has a negligible effect.The efficiency decreases when the concentration of Fe^(2+)is above 20 mg/L,and the impact on the electrowinning is relatively small when the concentration of Zn^(2+)is below 1.5 g/L.According to the electrochemical analysis and micro-morphology characterization,Cu^(2+)preferentially deposits and forms a compound with cadmium,and the redox reaction of Fe^(2+)leads to a decrease in current efficiency and increase in power consumption.Besides Ni^(2+),other ions including Cu^(2+),Fe^(2+)and Zn^(2+)all can affect the morphology of cathodic cadmium.The results further improve the basis for the cadmium electrolytic deposition in complex solutions.
作者
陈琛骞
张文娟
夏柳
车键勇
陈永强
王成彦
CHEN Chenqian;ZHANG Wenjuan;XIA Liu;CHE Jianyong;CHEN Yongqiang;WANG Chengyan(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《有色金属科学与工程》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第5期633-640,共8页
Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274405)
镍钴资源综合利用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(201910)。
关键词
镉
电沉积
共存阳离子
cadmium
electrowinning
coexisting cations
